MS-DOS [Û߂ Linux ̊bm



1994/08/27

{eł́AMS-DOS ƁALinux Ƃ UNIX Ƃ̈ႢɒڂAK{Ǝv
mɂĉĂ܂B

    Note: ͂̕ȂȑOɏꂽ̂Ȃ̂ŁA܂ǂ Linux 
    ɂ͂Ă͂܂Ȃӏ܂B (JF Project)
   
 

Table of Contents
1. ͂߂
2. CXg[O
   
    2.1. CXg[O
    2.2. 󂵂Ă܂O
    2.3. O
    2.4. O
   
3. {p
   
    3.1. obNXbVƃXbV
    3.2. COMMAND.COM ƃVF
    3.3. ob`ƃVFXNvg
    3.4. AUTOEXEC.BAT /etc/rc
    3.5. CONFIG.SYS ƃJ[lč\z
   
4. dl̍
   
    4.1. hCuƃpX
    4.2. {R}h
    4.3. t@C
    4.4. ChJ[h
   
5. L̗p
   
    5.1. OCƃOAEg
    5.2. [Ux
    5.3. X[p[[U
    5.4. z[
    5.5. V{bNEN
    5.6. p[~bV
    5.7. vZXƃWu
    5.8. t@CVXe
    5.9. t@C
    5.10. }Eg
    5.11. LCu
   
6. ^p̃mEnE
   
    6.1. ͂̃t@CȂ
    6.2. ˑRׂēȂȂ
    6.3. oCiȂ
    6.4. A
    6.5. kt@C̎ʂ킩Ȃ
    6.6. eLXg\Ȃ
    6.7. OCłȂȂ
   
7. Linux ŉ̂
   
    7.1. UNIX ̕׋
    7.2. ͂
    7.3. vOĂ݂
    7.4. Q[
    7.5. dɎg
   
8. 
9. Ql
10. appendix
   
    10.1. ̖͂̕ړI
    10.2. ΏۂɂȂl
    10.3. ͂̈̕
    10.4. ͗
   
1. ͂߂

Linux ́AUNIX N[ OS łBLinux ́Ap[\iERs[^
ΏۂƂ OS łA܂ IBM-PC ɎA FM-TOWNS ւڐA
܂B炭Ã}VL郆[ÚAMS-DOS ͂
ĎgA̋@\ɂďKnĂ邱ƂƎv܂B

Linux ́ASȃ}`^XNA͂ȃZLeB@\ȂǁAMS-DOS ł͒
łȂAX̗Dꂽ@\Ă܂B[ÚA̋@\g
Ȃ߁A Linux L̒mɂĊwKKv܂BA
Sz͂܂BMS-DOS ́AKwfBNgpCvȂǁAꕔ UNIX 
@\荞ło܂܂B]āAMS-DOS \ɗĂ
lɂƂāALinux ͂قǓ̂ł͂Ȃł傤B

{eł́AMS-DOS ƁALinux Ƃ UNIX Ƃ̈ႢɒڂAK{Ǝv
mɂĉĂ܂B

 

2. CXg[O

܂n߂ɁALinux ۂɃCXg[OɒmĂׂmɂ
Đ܂B݁ALinux ̃CXg[́Ayȕ֐ił
BSLS Slackware ̗DGȃpbP[W̏oAGL̏[AO
̍v҂̓w͂ɂāAS҂芪́AƗǂȂƎv
܂BAˑRƂāAS҂ׂՂԈႢƂ݂̂͑܂
B͋ZpIȖƂނAS\p̖ł邱Ƃ
̂łBł́AO̖ʑOŒpȂ߂ɁAŒKvȒm
ɂĐG܂B

 

2.1. CXg[O

CXg[e؂ɂȂĂA͂蒍ӗ͕͂KvłBfԈႦ
Aň̏ꍇAMS-DOS CXg[Ă [1] ł댯
܂BÔ߁ACXg[O MS-DOS ̋̃obNAbv
ƂĂƂ߂܂B܂ȂΉcĂ
傤B

MS-DOS ŁA쐬ɂ́Afdisk [2] ƂR}hp܂B
Linux łA fdisk ƂR}hpӂĂ܂B
MS-DOS ̕VvłBALinux  fdisk ͋쐬
肵ĂA'w' Ȃ΋͏܂܂񂩂A
قǋKv͂܂B

 

2.2. 󂵂Ă܂O

Linux ̃VXeNȂȂꍇAn[hEFǍ̏ɂA
ȑɂAK͂łB̌𒲂ׁAC
߁Aً}p̋Ntbs[ [3] 쐬ĂƂ߂܂B
Iɂ̓CXg[ɗpNtbs[ۊǂĂŗǂ̂
BȂɂ́ANČ܂傤B

 

2.3. O

AMS-DOS ɕŝȂA OEM ̔Ă郁[J[A
MSKK [4] ̐ӔCł傤B܂A[J[́A[UT|[g`
ł傤BALinux ͔蕨ł͂܂BXŔĂ
pbP[W̒líALinux ̂̒lił͂Ȃ̂łBɂ́AT|[
gȂǂ͊܂܂Ă܂B܂Albg[NȂǂŃT|[gĂ
悤ɌlBALinux ɐX̃\tgEFAڐA/삵ĂlB
AقƂǂׂĂ{eBAȂ̂łB̓_ALinux  MS-DOS
Ƃ́A{IȈႢł傤B]āAsȓ_Ă̂
͂ȂAuǂȂvûŒĂ݂܂v
悤ɁA̍Ƃ̐ʂAŜɃtB[hobN邱ƂlĂ
B Linux ͂ĔWĂ̂łB

̗̋OłȂƂĺALinux gpׂł͂
B̗ÓAGNU ƌĂ΂vWFNgɂʂ܂BAꂩ
A蕨ł͂ȂǔɗDꂽ`Ⴆ Linux ̂悤ȁ`\tgE
FAgȂ΁AGNU ̗O [Ql 1 ] AK
v܂B

 

2.4. O

Linux ł́AT|[gĂlB̓{eBAłBɂĂ
̑OɃ\tgEFAɕt̐ǂ񂾂Aׂ邱Ƃ́AŒ
Kvȑԓxł傤BہABBS ̓dqfłȂǂɂĂ鎿
A悭̂łAu͉pꂪŁvuS҂Ȃ̂ŁvuԂ
Ȃ̂ŁvƂtAƍߕ̂悤Ɉl̂łB
瑼lɂȂƂĂ炨AƂ̂Ȃ΁Aǂȃn[hgA
ȃ\tgCXg[āAǂssA̓}
i[łB{eBA_Lł邱ƂAYĂ͂܂B

Linux ́AUNIX ɌȂ߂VXe [5] ł邽߁ALinux ׋
߂ɂ́AʂɔsĂAUNIX ֘A̕ [Ql 2, 3, 4] p
邱Ƃłł傤B܂Av҂̎ɂALinux ֌W FAQ [6]
Ȃǂ{ꉻĂ܂B

lbg[NɎQłĺAߋɓ悤Ȏ^ȂA`Fb
N邱ƂɂāALpȏ𓾂邱Ƃłł傤s
̌A肪Ȃ΁ȀAlbg[NɊҌĂ
B邱ƂɂāAЂƂ̋J́AŜ̋LYƂȂ܂B
ƁAǂŏl邱Ƃł傤BPӂɂlA
̒SɂȂȂ΁APӂ͊ [7] ̂łB

 

3. {p

ł́AMS-DOS X[Y Linux ֓ĂŁA܂mĂ
ȂĂ͂ȂȂp⓮̈ႢA҂Δ䂳ȂA܂B

 

3.1. obNXbVƃXbV

MS-DOS ̃pX̋؂́AʏobNXbVłB{ MS-DOS ł
AtHg̊֌WA~}[Nł邱Ƃ܂BALinux ł̓X
bVłBႦ MS-DOS ŌƂ́A\usr\bin\gcc ́A /usr/bin/
gcc ƂȂ܂B

 

3.2. COMMAND.COM ƃVF

VFƂ́AMS-DOS ł COMMAND.COM ƌĂ΂̂ɑ܂B
ANɓǂݍ܂āAVXeɏ풓A[Uɑ΂āAR}hC
񋟂Aob`Ȃǂ̉/sĂ̂łBMS-DOS ł
݂ dir, cd, mkdir, type Ȃǂ̃R}h́ACOMMAND.COM g
@\̈ꕔŁAR}hƌĂ΂܂B

Linux ł́A@\ɉāÃVFIԂƂł܂BVF́A
NɓǂݍށAƎ̐ݒt@CĂ܂B̃t@CŁA
ϐ̐ݒAGCAX [8] Ȃǂ̐ݒs܂B

VF́AMS-DOS ƓlɓR}h܂A܂܂Ă@\͈
Ȃ܂BႦ΁Adir R}hƂقړ̖ ls R}h́AV
Fɂ͊܂܂ꂸAOR}hƂȂĂ܂B

 

3.3. ob`ƃVFXNvg

MS-DOS łob`́Aϕ֗Ȃ̂łBLinux ł́Aʂɂ
菇Lq邽߂̃eLXgt@ĈƂAVFXNvgƌ
܂B̐\́Aob`yɍ@\ŁAЂƂ̌Ƃ
ׂ̂łBUNIX pƂĔ\Ăc[ɂ́ACXg[Ƃ
AVFXNvgtĂ邱Ƃ܂B

XNvg̏Ȃǂ́AVF̎ނɂĈႢ܂Bŋ߂̃pb
P[Wł́An߂畡̃VF܂ł̂ŁA債ɂ͂Ȃ
Ȃł傤B

 

3.4. AUTOEXEC.BAT /etc/rc

MS-DOS  AUTOEXEC.BAT ́APATH Ȃǂ̊ϐ̐ݒAvO̎
sȂǂob`łB Linux ł́A/etc ̉ɂ rc t@
Cɑ܂B rc t@ĆAn[hfBXNȂǂ̊e푕ug
悤ɂ [9]AvO̎sȂǂsȂ܂B

pbP[WɂẮAfBXNǗpAlbg[NpȂǁArc t@C
prʂɕāA/etc/rc.d ɒuĂ̂܂ [10] Bŋ߂̃p
bP[Wɂ͐p̃VFXNvg݂Albg[N֌W̐ݒȂ
́A[U啝 rc t@CȂĂǂ悤ɍHvĂ
܂B[ÚȀꍇA{Ȃǂ̃JX^}CYŁArc.local t
@CxłB

̑/etc ɂ́A낢Ȑݒt@ĈŁAUNIX ֘A̕ 
[Ql 5 ] Œׂ邱Ƃ߂܂B

 

3.5. CONFIG.SYS ƃJ[lč\z

MS-DOS ł́ACONFIG.SYS ƌĂ΂eLXgt@CɁAfoCXhCo
LqĂŁAy MS-DOS @\g邱Ƃł܂B
A Linux ɂẮAɑ@\͂ȂA OS ɐVfoCX
hCoǉꍇ́AJ[l [11] č\zKv܂B
ꕔ̃pbP[Wł́AIɃfoCXhCotOł
AHv̂łA܂gĂȂ悤łB

 

4. dl̍

ł́A MS-DOS  Linux ɂāAӓ_ƂȂł낤dl̍قɂ
Đ܂B

 

4.1. hCuƃpX

hCuƂ́A"A:" Ƃ̂łBႦ΁An[hfBXN A: h
Cũt@Cw肷ɂ́A A:\usr\bin\gcc Ƃ܂BhCu
ȗ \usr\bin\gcc\ Ƃ́AJghCuɉe܂
B́A A: hCu \usr\bin\gcc słAJgh
Cu B: ŁAB: hCuɁA\usr\bin\gcc ΁Aꂪs
܂܂B܂A B: hCuJghCu̎ɁA"cd A:\usr\bin"
sĂA A: hCuɈړ邱Ƃ͂܂B

܂AhCuƂɁÃJgfBNg݂A
pX݂邱Ƃ肦̂łBĂlɂ͂ȂłȂ
łԂsւȎdlł͂Ȃł傤B

Linux ł́AׂẴt@C̓[gfBNgɂȂĂ邽߁A
pX́AVXeɂЂƂ݂܂BALinux 
MS-DOS Ɠ悤ɕ̑u܂AhCuJghCu
ƂTO͂܂BJgfBNg͏ɂЂƂłB
邽߂̎d|́A}EgƌĂ΂鑀ɂ܂B́A
ɏڂ܂B

 

4.2. {R}h

MS-DOS ɂȓR}hƁALinux ̊{R}hƂ̑Ή֌ẂA
ȉ̒ʂłB

 

Table 1. MS-DOS  Linux ̊{R}hΉ


@MS-DOS@@Linux@ @@                                  

@dir@   @ls -l@ @fBNg̓eڍ׏ƋɕWo
                    ͂                                      

@dir /w@@ls@    @fBNg̓eWo͂          

@type@  @cat@   @t@C̓eWo͂              

@cd@    @cd@    @w肵pXփJgfBNgړ
                                                          

@copy@  @cp@    @t@C̃Rs[s                  

@ren@   @mv@    @t@CύX                    

@attrib@@chmod@ @t@CύX                  

@del@   @rm@    @t@C̍폜s                    

@md@    @mkdir@ @fBNg쐬                  

@rd@    @rmdir@ @fBNg폜                  

 

MS-DOS ł́ÃT[rX COMMAND.COM 񋟂Ă܂ALinux
ł́Acd R}hA/bin ̉̓ƗvOSĂ܂B
܂A@\Iɂ͑啝ɈقȂĂ܂BႦ΁Als R}h̓t@C
Ȃǂ̏ڍ׏QƂł܂Amv R}h͒PȂ郊l[ł͂ȂAt
@C/fBNg̈ړ\łBrm R}h́At@CłȂ
AfBNg̍폜ȂǂsȂ܂B

̒ŁAɒӂȂ΂ȂȂ̂́Arm R}hłBMS-DOS 
del R}h́A"DEL*.*" ƂƁAmF߂Ă܂BA
Tɂ Linux  rm R}h͊mF߂ɍ폜Ă܂܂B
AMS-DOS ł́At@CłAundelete R}h [12] ɂāA
^ǂΕ邱Ƃł܂ALinux ł͐]ƎvĂ
BAVFɂ̓GCAXƌĂ΂@\̂ŁAp rm
R}hɊmF߂IvVt̂AR}hƂēo^
āA rm R}hpۂ́AKmFƌqiKv
܂B̓Iɂ́AVF̏t@CɁA

    alias rm='rm -i'                                                   

ƂLqǉ܂BGCAXƂ́Â悤ɃR}hCɓ
ꂽ߂Aw肵ʂ̕ɕϊ@\łBL̂悤
ȎwĂƁAႦ΁A"rm abc.txt" Ɠ͂ĂA" rm -i abc.txt"
sĂ邱ƂɂȂ܂B

 

4.3. t@C

MS-DOS ł̓t@Cɑ啶܂񂪁ALinux ł͂
Ƌʂ܂BႦ΁A"Makefile" ƁA" makefile" ͕ʌ̃t@C
ƂĈ܂B܂A{ MS-DOS ł͉\A₩Ȃp
t@ĆALinux ł݂͑܂B

 

4.4. ChJ[h

MS-DOS  COMMAND.COM ́AChJ[hƌĂ΂璷t@
Cw肪\łB̂ЂƂł"*"́A"abc", " makefile" Ȃ
Ƀ}b`OĂA"abc.txt" ɂ̓}b`O܂BALinux 
ChJ[h "*" ́AsIh܂߂ׂẴt@CɃ}b`O
܂B rm R}hƑgݍ킹Ďgpꍇɂ́AӂKvłB

 

5. L̗p

VO[UEVO^XN OS ł MS-DOS ̊TOł͐
ȂALinux L̗pƊTO [13] ɂĐ܂B

 

5.1. OCƃOAEg

}`[U OS ł Linux ł́A[ŮǗsȂKv
܂B܂AVXeɓ邽߂ɂ́AOCƃpX[h͂
Ă͂Ȃ܂B̃OCƃpX[h́A/etc/passwd t@C
ɋLqĂ郆[UɂďƉ܂B̈ȂOC
ƌĂт܂BOĆA8 ܂ł̉ppĐݒ肵܂B܂
AUOCĂ܂΁ApX[h́A passwd R}hŕύX邱
Ƃ\łBpX[h́Apꕔ̋Lp܂BpX[h͈
āAVXeɋL^܂B

ЂƒʂdIAexit R}hŃVXe甲܂B̂Ƃ
OAEgƌĂт܂B

 

5.2. [Ux

VO[U OS ł MS-DOS ł́ANGĂA}Vɑ΂Ă
鑀삪Ă܂Bł́Aďdvȃt@C
ꂽAȃt@CŃfBXNXy[XQꂽƂĂAN̎d
ƂȂ̂킩܂BӂȂƂAsS҂l邾ŁAS
ɁArȔQyڂƂ肦܂B

Linux ł̓}`[ŨVXełA[U傫 3 ̗ɕ
āAt@Cɑ΂ANZXɐ邱ƂɂāAS
Ă܂B̏́At@CƂāAt@CЂƂЂƂɑ
݂܂B

 

I[i[
   
    ́At@C쐬[Uw܂Bt@C̃I[i[N
    ł邩Ƃ́A[U ID ƂāAt@CɎIɋL^
    ܂B܂AQƂ邱ƂɂāÃt@C̍쐬
    m邱Ƃł܂B܂AI[i[Achown R}h悤
    ƂŁAt@Cɏ܂ꂽ[U ID ʂ̃[UɌ
    ǂ邱Ƃł܂B
   
O[v
   
    O[vƂ́At@CANZX̌̏ŴƂłB /etc/
    group t@CɋLqĂ܂BeO[v́AꂼŗL̃O
    [v ID ^Ă܂Bt@ĆAꂼO[v ID 
    ƂĎÃO[vɑĂ郆[UANZX邱Ƃ
    ܂B܂AI[i[ chgrp R}h悤邱ƂŁAt@C
    ɏ܂ꂽO[v IDύXāAʂ̃O[vɌڊǂ
    邱Ƃł܂B
   

   
    t@CɂāAI[i[łȂAO[vɂĂȂ
    ̐lB́A҂ƌĂ΂܂B
   
 

5.3. X[p[[U

Linux ɂ́A[UxƂz݂ƂāAX[p[[U 
[14] ƌĂ΂l݂܂B[U̓o^/폜AOCpX
[hȂǂ̏dvȏ񂪋LqĂ /etc ̃t@C̎Q/ҏWȂǁA
{ɏdvȕɂẮA̐lłȂ悤ɂĂ܂B
Ă΃X[p[[Ug̃pX[hkȂAVXëS
͕ۂ킯łB

܂AX[p[[UAt@CǗĂƂŁAVX
eɏdvȃt@CAɏĂ܂Ƃ댯
邱Ƃł܂B

X[p[[UȊÕ[UAʃ[U [15] ƌĂт܂Bp[\i
[XłAX[p[[Uƈʃ[Ug邱Ƃɂ́Abg
܂BX[p[[ÚAt@Ct@CRɕύX
\ł邪䂦ɁAiX[p[[UŃOCĂƁA~X
ŃVXej󂵂Ă܂Ƃl܂B̂߁AíAʃ
[UƂăOCĂāA{ɕKvȏꍇ̂݁A su R}hŃX[
p[[UɈڍsƂ`ԂʓIłB

[Ȕ /etc/passwd t@CɋLqĂ܂Be[UAǂ
悤ɊǗĂ邩邽߁ȀɊȒPɐG܂B

passwd t@ĆAȉ̂悤ȍšJԂč\Ă܂B

  user1:*:203:6:user:/home/user1:/bin/sh                               

́A珇ɁAOCAÍꂽpX[hA[UIDAO
[v IDA[UAz[ւ̃pXAOCɋNVFւ̃pX
AĂ܂B":" ͋؂蕶łB

̐ݒ́AX[p[[ÛݍsȂƂł܂BႦ΁AV
[U󂯓ꍇ́A܂X[p[[UAuseradd R}hp
 /etc/passwd ɈsLqǉA[ŨOCƉ̃pX[h
ݒ肵܂B̌A[UOCāAD݂̃pX[hɕύX
ƂʓIłBɁAlbg[NgpɂẮA
h~邽߁ÅǗ͌dɍsȂKv܂B

 

5.4. z[

lŎgp邱ƂOƂꍇA[UɍƃXy[XKvƂ
܂BLinux ł́Az[ƌĂ΂N_ƂȂfBNg߁AO
CƂ܂֔Ԏdg݂ɂȂĂ܂Bz[́Ausermod R}
hŕύXłA/etc/passwd t@Cɏ܂܂B̂ǂ̃fBNg
ɂƂĂA"cd" Ɠ͂邱ƂŁÃz[֖߂Ă邱Ƃ
ł܂B

܂AVFn߂Ƃꕔ̃vÓAz[ɐݒt@CKv
Ƃ܂B̐ݒt@ĆAAsIhŎn܂t@C
Ă܂B́AiBĂAls R}hɁA "-a" IvV
t邱Ƃő݂mF邱Ƃł܂B

 

5.5. V{bNEN

āAƋԂAz[ƂČŒ肳Ă܂ƁAǂ̂悤Ȗ肪N
ł傤BȗlĂ݂܂傤B

/usr/home/akaike Ƃz[ akaike 񂪁AŋߕpɂɍƂs
悤ɂȂꏊA/usr/spool/kenkyuusitu/ringi/kaikei Ƃ܂B
ł́A݂Ɉړ̂ςłBł́Aakaike ̉
kaikei ƂfBNg쐬A̒ /usr/spool/kenkyuusitu/
ringi/kaikei ̑St@CRs[΁A"cd kaikei", " cd .." 
݂Ɉړł܂ˁBłÃt@ĆẢvɊւ
̂ŁA̐l菑ł̂ƂA͖
BFŁÃz[ɃRs[AҏWA߂ƂAǂ
Ȃł傤B

̖ɘa@\AV{bNENłBL̗
́Az[ɃJgfBNg鎞Aȉ̃R}hs܂B

  ln -s /usr/spool/kenkyuusitu/ringi/kaikei .                          

邱ƂŁAz[̉ kaikei ƂfBNgRs[
ꂽ悤Ɍ܂B́A̐l邱ƂŁAƂ
ł܂B̃Rs[ƈႤ̂́Az[ɏofBNg kaikei 
A/usr/spool/kenkyuusitu/ringi/kaikei Ǝ̂LĂƂƂ
B

ł́A"cd kaikei" ňړČ܂傤Bɂ́A/usr/spool/
kenkyuusitu/ringi/kaikei ̃t@Cł͂łB"cd .."
sƁAǂֈړ̂ł傤BcOȂA/usr/home/akaike
ł͂ȂA/usr/spool/kenkyuusitu/ringi ֈړ܂B"cd" Ǝs邱
ƂŁAz[֒Ɉړł܂̂ŁAV{bNENƕp邱
ŁAꂽfBNg̎QƂyɂȂƎv܂B

 

5.6. p[~bV

MS-DOS ̃t@Cł́At@C̃[hI[ݒ肵
BƂƂł܂łA Linux ł́A[Ux
ׂǗ\łB̃t@C̓p[~bVƂĂ΂
܂B

Ԃ΁ALinux ̓p[~bVׂǗȂ΁A낢덢
N\킯łBfBNg̓eȂA
vȎ݂fBNgAw肵Ă̂ɎsłȂ
肷̂́A̂߂łBp[~bV́A[Uxɉ
āAȉ̂悤ȁA3 ̃tO [16] Ă܂B

 

ǂݍ݉\tO (r)
   
    ̃tOĂt@ĆAǂނƂ\ƂȂ܂B܂A
    fBNg̏ꍇ́AfBNgQƂ邱Ƃ\ƂȂ܂
    B
   
݉\tO (w)
   
    ̃tOĂt@ĆA̓eXV邱Ƃ\Ƃ
    ܂BAt@CƂӖł͂܂B܂Af
    BNg̏ꍇ́ÃfBNgɐVɃt@Co^
    Aɂt@C肷邱Ƃ\ƂȂ܂B
   
s\tO (x)
   
    ̃tOĂt@ĆAs邱Ƃ\ƂȂ܂Be
    LXgt@C̏ꍇ́AXNvgƔfAVF߂
    Ďs܂B܂AfBNg̏ꍇ́ÃfBNgɃJ
    gfBNgړ邱Ƃ܂B
   
Ap[~bV̏ԂQƂ邽߂ɂ́Als R}hp܂B
"-l" IvVt邱ƂɂāAȉ̂悤ȏ𓾂邱Ƃł
B

 

  -rw-r-----  1   akaike   akaike   4597 Nov 16 01:38 test.tex              
  drwxr-xr-x  3    root    users    4096 Feb 17 03:27 mute/                 
  lrwxrwxrwx  1    root    users      18 Jan 10 23:13 src -> /usr2/IV3.1/iv/

̍[ɂ 10 oCgAp[~bV̏Ԃ\Ă܂Bԍ
[1 oCǵAꂪt@C(-) ł邩AfBNg(d) ł邩A
V{bNEN(l) ł邩A\Ă܂B

̎A3 oCg1 gƂȂāAI[i[, O[v, ҂̃p[~b
V\Ă܂BႦ΁A "test.tex" ̏ꍇ́Aut@Cłv
uI[i[͓ǂݏ\vAuO[v͓ǂނƂłvAu
́At@C邱Ƃ͂킩邪AǂނƂύX邱
ƂłȂvAƂƂӖ܂B́Ap[~bV𐧌
ɂ chmod R}hp܂B

܂AL̗ɂāA3 Ԗڂ́A"akaike", "root", "root"Ƃ
ÓAI[i[([UID) \Ă܂B4 Ԗڂ "akaike",
"users" "users" ƂÓAO[v(O[vID) \Ă܂B
ȍ~At@CTCYAXVAt@CƑ܂B

 

5.7. vZXƃWu

MS-DOS ł́A{Iɓ 2 ȏ̃vOAĂ邱Ƃ͂
肦܂BqvZX݂͑܂AqNĂ鎞́Ae͕K
~Ă܂BALinux ̓}`^XN OS łÃvO
obNOh [17] œADȎɃtHAOh [18] 
ؑւ肷邱Ƃł܂BLinux ́AǗdg݂
܂B

VXe猩A삵ĂvO̎sPʂAvZXƌĂт
BevZX́AVXeɂăvZXID 蓖ĂAIɊ
܂BvZX́Aps R}hgp邱ƂɂāAm邱Ƃ
܂B܂Akill R}hɃvZXID w肷邱ƂɂāA쒆
̃vZXIɏI邱Ƃł܂B

vZX̓VXe猩Ǘ@łAVFɂẮA胆[U
̎_ɋ߂sPʂƂāAWuƌĂ΂Ǘ@񋟂Ă
܂BeWuɂ́AWuԍ蓖ĂAIɊǗ
B

݁AǂȃWu邩́A jobs R}hgp邱ƂɂāAm
邱Ƃł܂BWuɂ́A쒆ł邩Aꎞ~Ă邩Ȃǂ
ԂĂāA fg, bg R}hɃWuԍ^邱Ƃɂ
āA䂷邱Ƃł܂Bjobs, fg, bg Ȃǂ́AVF̓R}h
łB

vOobNOhœɂ́AR}h̍Ō " &" 
As邱ƂōsȂ܂B܂AʂɋNvOłA쒆
 CTRL-Z ͂邱ƂŁAꎞ~邱Ƃł܂B

ł́AƂāA\[XXg̏CƃRpC𓯎ɍsȂƂ
l܂B jobs œꂽʂȉ̂悤ɂȂĂƂ܂B

  [1]  + Suspended            emacs -nw test.c                         
  [2]  - Suspended            gcc test.c                               

ŁAR}hCA"bg %2" s΁AobNOhŃR
pCł gcc sĂ܂B̎ jobs ̌ʂ܂B

  [1]  + Suspended            emacs -nw test.c                         
  [2]    Running              gcc test.c                               

ɁA"fg %1" ƂƁANĂeLXgGfB^ł emacs 
tHAOEhɂȂA[UłԂɂȂ܂BRAtest.c
ҏWȂłAgcc ͗œĂ܂BA test.c ɏd
ȃ~X̂ŁAgcc ~߂邱Ƃɂ܂Bemacs A
CTRL-Z ͂ emacs ꎞ~AR}hCɖ߂A"kill
%1" Ƃ΁A

 

  [2]    Terminated           gcc test.c                               

ƕ\āAsĂ gcc AI܂B́Aނ "
gcc test.c &" Ǝs΁AV gcc obNOhœn߂܂B

 

5.8. t@CVXe

Linux ł́A̎ނ̃t@CVXeĂA[U͕Kvɉ
āA쐬gp邱Ƃł܂B

 

MINIX ݊t@CVXe
   
    ́AMINIX ƌĂ΂鋳OS Ɠt@CVXe̗p
    ܂Bt@ĆAő14 oCgt邱Ƃł܂BTCY
     64MB łBmkfs R}hō쐬A fsck R}hŌ/C
    sȂƂł܂B݂ł͕sւȂ̂ŁAقƂǎgĂ
    B
   
MS-DOS ݊t@CVXe
   
    MS-DOS ŃtH[}bgꂽÂ܂ܓǂނƂł܂Bt@
    C̐́AMS-DOS ̂܂܈pł܂B̋̍쐬
    MS-DOS ōsȂ܂B
   
gt@CVXe
   
    t@C 255 oCgt邱ƂłÃTCY 4TB ܂Ŏ
    邱Ƃ\ȃt@CVXełBext2 fs ƂĂ΂܂B mke2fs
    R}hō쐬Ae2fsck R}hŌ/CsȂƂł
     [19]B
   
 

5.9. t@C

VXeɂ́Ao͑uǗp̃foCXhCoQpӂ
Ă܂BfoCXhCoꂼɁAt@CC^tF[
XƂė^Ă܂B̓t@Cp邱ƂɂāA
ʂ̃t@Cɓǂݏ悤ɁAo͑uɃANZX邱Ƃ
\ƂȂ܂B̏ꍇ̓o͑úAtbs[fBXNhCuAn
[hfBXNAIC-CARD hCuA CD-ROM hCuȂǂ̊OLû
Ȃ炸Av^AR\[ARS232CAʂĂ̓Y܂B
ɂłAu[UɌ`ŁAuǗĂvƎv
Ă [20]B

̓t@ĆALinux ł /dev Ɋi[Ă܂BႦ΁A"
/dev/fd0","/dev/lp0" ȂǂłBn[hfBXNȂǂ̊{IȑuɑΉ
t@ĆACXg[Ɏ쐬܂BォAJ[l
foCXhCoǉꍇȂǂ́A[U mknod R}hpāA
t@C쐬邱Ƃ܂B

 

5.10. }Eg

tbs[fBXNhCuAn[hfBXNhCuȂǂ̋LúA
t@CɊ蓖ĂĂ܂Bł́Aɂ́Aǂ
ǂ̂ł傤Bɂ́A}EgƌĂ΂鑀AsKv
܂Bł́Atbs[fBXNɂƂĐ܂B

MS-DOS ł́Atbs[_ł͉s܂BƂ肠ǂ݂
āAʖڂAMS-DOS "hCȕłĂ܂."Ƃ
݂̃G[fo܂BlĂ݂ƁAɃAoEgȍ\ł
B Linux ł́AƂ̑ugp\ǂAn߂Ƀ`FbNȂ
́AANZXȂ\ɂȂĂ܂B̂߂̑A}Eg
ƌĂт܂B}Egɂ́Amount R}hgp܂B

MS-DOS ł́ANɑuāAIɃhCuU܂B
ALinux ł́AhCuƂTO܂Bmount R}h
Aw肵t@C̎wLũ[gfBNgÃfB
NgɒuAANZXł悤ɂ܂BƂĂ
MS-DOS  join R}hɎĂ܂Bɗ\ȕ\łAt@C
ghCû悤Ȃ̂ŁAKfBNgɌтĂ
悤ƂƂɂȂ܂B

Ⴆ΁AA: hCuɂ MS-DOS tH[}bg̃tbs[ɃANZX
߂ɁA/mnt 蓖ĂƂƁA

  mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt                                         

ƁAȂ܂B̏ꍇ̃fBNg̑Ή֌W͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

 
 

Table 2. fBNg̑Ή֌W


@MS-DOS@@Linux@   

@A:@    @/mnt@    

@A:\doc@@/mnt/doc@

 

蓖Ăꂽ /mnt ɌXt@ĆAANZXłȂȂ܂
̂ŁAʏ͋̃fBNg蓖Ă܂B

}Eg̔΂̑AA}EgƌĂт܂Btbs[
ƂȂǂ́AxAumount R}hsāAVXe炻̃tbs[
VXe؂藣Atbs[ꊷAēx}EgsK
v܂BꉞS΍{Ă܂Aނ݂Ƀtbs[
ւ肵ĂƁA΂ΑOɑ}Ătbs[fBXN̓e
ύXȂAォ}tbs[fBXN̓ej󂳂
܂܂B

 

5.11. LCu

A̎st@CAʂɎgpł镔𔲂oĂ܂
߂ĒuĂAfBXNXy[XߖłƂ͎v܂񂩁B
@\̂ALCu [21] Ƃ̂łB̋LCu
pāARpCꂽst@ĆANۂɋLCu
͂œǂݍŁALCuɓĂ@\gpȂ瓮
܂B]āAfBXN̒߂ꂽꏊɁALCuȂ΁A
̃vO͎ɕKvȋ@\gpłȂ߁AƂł܂
Bʏ /lib ɋLCuĂ܂B

LCugpȂst@Cɂ́A\ߎs邽߂ɕKvȂ
ׂĂ̋@\܂ł܂BLCugp̂ATCY͑
Ȃ܂ALCȗ݂Cɂ邱ƂȂAs邱Ƃ
\łB

܂Aǂ̕ɂ꒷ZƂƂłB

 

6. ^p̃mEnE

Linux ^pĂŁAӂׂƁAɗ߂ĂĂقƂ
āAȒPɐ܂B

 

6.1. ͂̃t@CȂ

Linux ł́AˑRd؂AZbgĂ͂܂BȂȂ
AłɃfBXNɏ񂾂悤ɂ݂Ăt@CłA͂܂
ɑ݂ĂāAƏ܂ĂȂƂ邩ł [22]B
ƃfBXNɔf sync ƂR}h܂B܂A
Linux Iꍇ́AK̃Vbg_E菇܂傤B

ȂAȎdg݂ɂȂĂ̂Aʂ MS-DOS gĂlɂ͕
܂񂪁APɐ\グ邽߂ƎvĂB

 

6.2. ˑRׂēȂȂ

{R}hˑRȂȂĂ܂ꍇɂ́ALCu
̖vׂǂł傤BLinux ł́AVXeɊւv
OLCugpĂ܂B܂ALCuȂ
ȂuԂAɓȂȂĂ܂̂łBʏALCu
 /lib ɃV{bNEN𒣂邱ƂŁAQƂĂ܂Bɒ[
ȗłA"mv /lib /lib2" ȂǂƂĂ܂ꍇ́A܂ŒĂ
V{bNN؂Ă܂܂B́AVɒ蒼Ȃ
AZbgĂ̏Ԃɂ͖߂炸AVɃOCłȂȂ
Ă܂܂BԂɂȂꍇ́ANtbs[pāA
ꂽ}EgANCKv܂B

 

6.3. oCiȂ

oCiŔztƂ`Ԃ́AMS-DOS ł͈ʓIłAƂĂ֗ł
ALinux ł͂Ƃ؂Ȃʂ܂BLCu̖肪
邩łBLinux ł́ÃCũo[WvĂȂ
ÃvO͎sł܂Bhɂ́ALCup
ɃvORpC@܂ALCugp̂
̂ƔׂƁAɃTCY傫Ȃ܂BAlbg[NȂǂ
Ƃ肷̂́AIł͂܂B]āApɂɃo[WAbv
sĂ\tgEFAɂẮA\[XɓāAOŃRp
Cǂł傤B

 

6.4. A

Linux ͏p OS ƔׂĂFȂقǊłA肵Ă܂B
AɁXHɃVXẽoOȂǂŁASɃnOAbvĂ܂Ƃ
܂B́Aǂǂ̂ł傤Bʂ́A 5 x
҂āAfBXNɃANZX̂mFĂAZbg܂B
ŁAĂt@C̈Sۏ؂Ƃ͌؂܂񂪁AȂ
mŏ͂łB̋@\́ALinux ł͋N update ƂR}
h풓邱ƂŎĂ܂B́A莞ԖɁAsync 
s܂B

 

6.5. kt@C̎ʂ킩Ȃ

kt@CƌƁAMS-DOS ł LHa  PKZIP ʓIł͂Ȃł傤
BLinux ł́AUNIX-LHa yсAGNU zipƂđ݂܂B́A
kւAMS-DOS Ƃ̐ea߁Aŋߎgn߂Ă܂A
UNIX ̐EłʓIȂ̂́Atar + compress Ƃ`łBA[
JCoƂď̂́At@C܂Ƃ߂ďɂƂĊǗƂ납痈
AkƂӖƂ͕ʂ̂łB̂܂Ƃ߂ďɂɂ镔tar 
Ak/WJAcompress/uncompress iĂ܂B tar + compress `
̈ʓIȊgq́A".tar.Z"łB" zcat abc.tar.Z btar xvf -" Ƃ
ƂœWJ邱Ƃł܂Bŋ߂ł GNU tar kt@CɑΉ
邽߁A"tar xvzf abc.tar.Z" łWJ邱Ƃ\łB

 

6.6. eLXg\Ȃ

MS-DOS 玝Ă͂Aj󂳂Ă悤ɌĂA_
Ƃ͂܂B炭́Aۂɕ͂j󂳂Ă̂ł͂Ȃ
AR[h̖ł傤B MS-DOS ł́A Shift-JIS ƌĂ΂銿R
[hʓIłBALinux n߂Ƃ UNIX ̐Eł́AJIS 
 EUC (ExtendedUNIX Code) ƌĂ΂銿R[hʓIł邽߁A
̂悤ȌۂN܂B܂\łȂȂ̂ŁAnkf Ȃǂ̃[e
BeBpāAR[hϊΗǂ̂łB

܂AVXẽR\[͊\\ɂȂĂKv܂ [23]
B̐ݒ肪Ă̂ɁA̍s悤ȏǏɂȂꍇ
A̍sɔpJi݂Ă邱Ƃl܂BLinux ł͔pJi
͈܂̂ŁAӂKvłB܂AgȂ̂AÖق̃[
ƂȂĂ܂B

 

6.7. OCłȂȂ

܂A[U̐ݒ肪ԈĂ邱Ƃ̂łB /etc/passwd t
@CAGfB^ȂǂŒڏĂƋN₷̂łB[U
ǗpƂāAuseradd, usermod R}h܂Ał邾
gĐݒύX܂傤Bނ𓾂Aڏꍇɂ́AVF
Az[fBNg̐ݒȂǂɒӂ܂傤B

 

7. Linux ŉ̂

ł́A⑫ƂāAHIȂ̖ɂĐG܂B

 

7.1. UNIX ̕׋

͂̂̃YoAĂ̗prƎv܂BwZЂŃ[N
Xe[VgĂlłAVXeǗ҂łl͏ȂƎv
BWIȃpbP[WCXg[邾ŁALxȃR}hQ
A낢ȂƂƂł܂BňVXe󂵂Ă܂Ă
CXg[Ηǂ̂łyȂ̂łB

VXeǗ̕׋lɂ̒́AuLinux  SystemV ł BSD 
?vƂl܂B́A̓́uǂłȂv
łB́AǂɂĂȂƂӖł͂ȂALinux ̗͗
ƂDȂ悤ɍ̂ĈĂ OS łB

VXeǗʂł́AقƂ BSD ̂̂ɂȂĂ܂BfBN
g\Ȃǂ̓CXg[pbP[W̎ʂɂāABSD ɂȂ
ASystemV ɂȂ肵܂BvOgސl͓ӂƎv
A荞ݎ̃VXeR[̐U SystemV łBr[Ɗ
邩܂񂪁A炱ALinux ŕ׋邱Ƃ́AĖʂɂ
ȂȂƎv܂B

 

7.2. ͂

MS-DOS ŗL Vz, MIFES Ȃǂ̃eLXgGfB^́A Linux ɂ݂͑
BLinux 𕁒ʂɃCXg[ƁA/usr/bin  vi ƌĂ΂eL
XgGfB^CXg[܂Bemacs, Nemacs,mule, joe Ȃǂ́A
̃eLXgGfB^肵ăCXg[ȂAeLXg̕ҏW͂
pčsȂKv܂B

̂ƂA[hEvZbTɑ\tgEFA͂܂񂪁A
͏VXeł TeX gp邱Ƃł܂B̏o͂ɁA
dviout, GhostScript Ȃǂp邱ƂŁA͂\/邱Ƃ
łł傤BTeX  MS-DOS ł܂Aӂ̃[eBeBQ
̘AWlƁALinux œbg܂B܂ALinux ̓f
BXNANZX߂AS̓I MS-DOS ł܂B

X-Window System ֘ÃpbP[WCXg[Ă΁ATGif+, idraw
Ȃǂ̃h[COc[gp邱Ƃł܂B TeX ŏꂽ͂
AƂ}ނƂ\łB

 

7.3. vOĂ݂

vO~Oꂩn߂悤AƂl̒ɂ́AMS-DOS ԃvO
~OȒPƎvłl邩܂BMS-DOS ͒P
\ OS łAvO~O܂ŒPƂł͂܂B MS-DOS
̃RpCŊJsȂĺAقƂǗOȂnOAbvƂ
ۂɌꂽƂ͂łBȂƁA[ÚAZbg
鑼͂ȂAނȂċNʂ𒭂߂HڂɂȂ܂BA
Linux ͋͂ȃی񋟂ĂA[UȃvO
ĎsĂAVXeŜ_EĂ܂悤ȂƂ́A܂
Ȃ̂łB

܂AMS-DOS 񋟉\ȃ͏ȂAK͂ȃvO𓮂
ɂ́AvO}ɒmƋZp͂v܂BA Linux ͍Lȃ
ԂƁAzL [24] 񋟂Ă܂B[ÚAJÃv
Oǂ̂炢̂AӎȂĂAƂ肠
삷̂܂B܂AMS-DOS ̃RpCɑ݂Af
ƂAʓ|Ȑ܂B

̂悤ɁAlXȐɂAMS-DOS Linux ̕SҌ
ʂ̂łB

̊[Ă܂BLinux ́AW̊JƂāA gcc p
Bgcc CXg[΁Ae탆[eBeBCXg[A
Linux J[l̍č\z\ƂȂ܂BfobJƂĂ̓\[Xx
fobO\ȁAgdb gpł܂BX-Window System łA Tck/Tk
AInterViews Ȃǂ̑푽lȃc[Lbggp邱Ƃł܂B

 C/C++ ȊOɁABasic, Lisp, SmallTalk Ƃ̂gpł܂
AFORTRAN, Pascal Ȃǂ́Af2c yp2c Ƃ[eBeBŁAC̃v
Oɕϊ邱Ƃł܂BēḾׂALinux ̃pbP[W
ɂ́ALxȃ[eBeBQɊ܂܂ĂAȒPɃCXg[
łƂƂłB

 

7.4. Q[

́̕AUNIX  MS-DOS ̕ptŕLƎv܂B
d׋̍ԂɂłAegXȂǂ̃pYñQ[͊ƖLxł
AANVV[eBOƂȂƐ͏ȂłAMS-DOS łl
̃Q[̂ŁÂ߂ Linux CXg[KR͂Ȃł
傤B NetHack n߂Ƃ[vCOQ[́A Linux ł
鉿l܂B}`^XN̓F𐶂āAƂAdq
ȂAŋȃQ[AU邱Ƃł邩łB

 

7.5. dɎg

@ʂāAMS-DOS  TCP/IP ̃lbg[NɐڑA[t@C
]ȂǂŝɁA炩ł傤B̓lbg[Nɐڑ
}V̑䐔ACZX󂯂˂΂Ȃ܂BUNIX Ō
AIBM-PC + Linux ̕Aȃ[NXe[V萫\ǂƂ
A΂΂łBRXgIɂ݂āALinux ɂ͑傫ȃbg܂B

@AЂƂYĂ͂ȂƂ́ALinux ͖ۏ؂łƂ
łBCXg[}Vň肵ēǂAȂǂ͒Nۏ؂
Ȃ̂łB܂ÃRXǵAu[U̘J́vɕ
ƍl̂AÓł傤By邽߂ɁA Linux ̃R~
jeBAɏdvł邩AƎv܂Bݕ}̐_Ȃ
ł́AĂȂ̂łB

 

8. 

Linux ̔wiƂȂĂ UNIX ́ALň}jAbNȋCƂ܂
E[Ql 7]łB{eŐĂ邱Ƃ͔ɏȂALinux 
ǗĂł͕s\łBɂIсAxʓǂ邱
߂܂B

ALinux ̊Ǘ@K邱Ƃ͒PȂɉ߂܂B
ЂƂ̃XebvƂāALinux ̔wiɍL UNIX ̐E𑶕Ɋy
邱Ƃ]܂B

 

9. Ql

 

 1. Think GNU, rbWEZ^[
   
 2. UNIX {삩Hp܂, [wo
   
 3. ̂ UNIX, AXL|oŋ
   
 4. Unix vO~O, AXL[oŋ
   
 5. UNIX VXeǗ, SOFT BANK
   
 6. UNIX SYSTEM V [UEt@XE}jA, o
   
 7. Life with UNIX, AXL|oŋ
   
 

 

10. appendix

    JF : ̕쐬̌o܂ꂽȉ̋Lq́AƂƕʕ
    ȂĂ܂A֋XAɎ^܂B(y.senda)
   
 

10.1. ̖͂̕ړI

 1. UNIX Sʂɒʂ{IȒmɂĂ܂Ƃ߂
   
 2.  FAQ WALinux 񃁃gpOiK̏AЉ
   
 3. ŋ߂̐EɗlׂՂԓxƂׂpɂČy
   
 

10.2. ΏۂɂȂl

MS-DOS ȏ UNIX ̐l
   
    @ut@CƂ́vƂxn߂̂́AʓIɂ
    ̂ŁAMS-DOS xgĒmĂlΏۂɂĂ܂B
    ǂŁA񃁃ƁAHOWTO ǂ߂΁A܂ݒō邱Ƃ͂Ȃ
    傤BɎ͍Ă܂񂩂( ͂Ȃ :-) )B
   
V킫܂Ȃl
   
    @Ȃ񂾂s̕iƊႢĂ̂A炻iȂ͕̂
    ܂񂪁AŋߕxɁAuׂɎ₵āAقȂ
    ȂvƂlȂĂƊ܂B
   
    @܂A̐lBӂ߂邱Ƃ͂łȂāA̔wiɂ͎G
    eƎv܂BpbP[Wt^ɕtĎg͋Lɂ邯
    ǁA`EXN(낭Ȃ̂)LɂȂƂ
    pAlB𑝂₷ɂȂĂƎv܂B
    pbP[WsSi肵Ď肪t܂ ;-<
   
    ŁAƂ肠̂ł邱ƂƂāA͂Ă݂
    B݂ȏS҂Ăł邱Ƃ͂񂾃] :=)ƂӖ
    ܂ł܂B
   
V킫܂ȂlɍĂl
   
    @cȂǂŌgIȃT|[gĂXɂ́Av
    łB͑̐lɁAXɂ񂴂肳ꂽuԂɁAI肾
    ƂƂoĂ炢̂łBAT|[gɔꂽ
    uǂ߁vƖ{ewĂ΍Kł :-) ɂȂ
    ܂񂪁A̎̎͂ł́AꂪtȂ̂ŋĂ
    ;-<
   
 

10.3. ͂̈̕

@́A UNIX Ƃ悭mȂ̂(Ȃ珑ȁAƂ͌Ȃ
) eIɂ͒tًɂ܂ȂƎv܂BłAȕ͂𗧂
łAKɂǂł]ڂĂBk`AR[h͕ύX
Ă܂܂BeύXǂǂĂBA
̎́A̖O͏Ă :-)

@Ai`łĂ̂ŁA낢ςȂƂ낪̂łA
ꉞǂ߂Ǝv̂ŁAĂB뎚EEEeԈႢ́A[
ł肢܂B

 

10.4. ͗

    ͂߂

1   CXg[O
1.1  CXg[O
1.2  󂵂Ă܂O
1.3  O
1.4  O

2   {p
2.1  obNXbVƃXbV
2.2  COMMAND.COM ƃVF
2.3  ob`ƃVFXNvg
2.4  AUTOEXEC.BAT  /etc/rc
2.5  CONFIG.SYS ƃJ[lč\z

3   dl̍
3.1  hCuƃpX
3.2  {R}h
3.3  t@C
3.4  ChJ[h

4   L̗p
4.1  OCƃOAEg
4.2  [Ux
4.3  X[p[[U
4.4  z[
4.5  V{bNEN
4.6  p[~bV
4.7  vZXƃWu
4.9  t@C
4.10  }Eg
4.11  LCu

5   ^p̃mEnE
5.1  ͂̃t@CȂ
5.2  ˑRׂēȂȂ
5.3  oCiȂ
5.4  A
5.5  kt@C̎ʂ킩Ȃ
5.6  eLXg\Ȃ
5.7  OCłȂȂ

6   Linux ŉ̂
6.1  UNIX ̕׋
6.2  ͂
6.3  vOĂ݂
6.4  Q[
6.5  dɎg

    

(SGML conversion: yuji senda)

Notes

[1]  p[eBVƂĂ΂AЂƂ̃n[hfBXN𕡐̗̈ɋ
     ̂w܂B                                              
                                                                       
[2]  IBM-PC ̏ꍇ fdisk, TOWNS ̏ꍇ TOWNS-MENU ̋ݒōs 
     ܂B                                                            
                                                                       
[3]  u[gtbs[ƂĂ΂܂B                                  
                                                                       
[4]  A{}CN\tĝƂłB                              
                                                                       
[5]  UNIX {Ƃ AT&T ̃R[hS܂܂Ȃ߁A[ÚAʓ|Ȑ 
     [Ql 1 ]瓦邱Ƃł܂B                           
                                                                       
[6]  Frequently Asked Question. pɂɏo鎿Ɠ܂Ƃ߂łB 
                                                                       
[7]  Linux Ƃ̊𐷂藧ĂƂ_A{eBAɌ
     tĂƍl΁A͂܂ƌł傤B          
                                                                       
[8]  alias. ʖ@\ƂĂ΂܂B                                   
                                                                       
[9]  ̑̂Ƃ}Eg(mount)ƌĂт܂B                       
                                                                       
[10] ́AUNIX ɂ́A傫2 n񑶍݂AꂼǗ`Ԃ 
     Ȃ邱ƂɋN܂B                                            
                                                                       
[11] kernel. VXe̒j𐬂vOƎvĂB        
                                                                       
[12] MS-DOS5.0 ͕WĂ܂B                            
                                                                       
[13] Linux LƂAUNIX ̐Eł́AʓIŁAbIȎł 
     B                                                                
                                                                       
[14] ʂɁA[g, VXeǗ҂ȂǂƂĂ΂܂B                
                                                                       
[15] PɃ[UA邢͈ʗp҂ƂĂ΂܂B                    
                                                                       
[16] AĂ邩AĂȂƂ悤ȁA2 lӖ
     B                                                              
                                                                       
[17] ŏɓĂԂw܂B                              
                                                                       
[18] [UΘbIɑ삵ĂԂw܂B                      
                                                                       
[19] Âłł́Amkefs,efsck ƂOł邱Ƃ܂B          
                                                                       
[20] MS-DOS 悭mĂlȂ΁Acon, aux ȂǂvׂƂ
     v܂B                                                        
                                                                       
[21] VFA[hCuƂĂт܂B                                
                                                                       
[22] ʂɃLbVƌĂ΂Ă@\łBMS-DOS ł smartdrv Ƃ 
     R}h̖ʂ܂B                                
                                                                       
[23] TOWNS Linux ̃R\[́AL[{[h犿R[h̐ؑւ\
     łB܂AIBM-PC Linux ł́A KON ƌĂ΂\tgEFAVXe
     ɑgݍނƂŁA\\ƂȂ܂B                    
                                                                       
[24] ۂɐςł郁傫vOA삳邽߂̎d
     |̂ƂłB                                                  

