  DNS HOWTO
  Nicolai Langfeldt (dns-howto(at)langfeldt.net), Jamie Nor-
  rish 
  Version 9.0, 2001-12-20
  앐Y nakano(at)apm.seikei.ac.jp
  v9.0j1, 2002-02-03

  ZԂ DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ@B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. O
     1.1 @IȂ
     1.2 ӎƃwvW
     1.3 
     1.4 ŐV

  2. ͂߂
     2.1 ̃l[T[o̎

  3. OƃLbVsl[T[o
     3.1 named N
     3.2 ]o
     3.3 ߂łƂ

  4. tH[h (forwarding)
  5. PȃhC
     5.1 ł܂ŏɑދȗ_
     5.2 ̃hC
     5.3 t][
     5.4 CĂق
     5.5 Ȃt삵Ȃ̂
        5.5.1 t][㗝Ȃ
        5.5.2 NXX (classless) ̃Tulbgꍇ
     5.6 X[uT[o

  6. {IȃZLeBIvV
     6.1 ][]̐
     6.2 sp
     6.3 named  root ȊOŎs

  7. ۂ̃hC̗
     7.1 /etc/named.conf (܂ /var/named/named.conf)
     7.2 /var/named/root.hints
     7.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0
     7.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com
     7.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177

  8. eiX
  9. BIND 9 Ɉڍs
  10. Q & A
  11. n DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ邽߂

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  O

  Keywords: DNS, BIND, BIND 4, BIND 8, BIND 9, named, dialup, PPP, slip,
  ISDN, Internet, domain, name, resolution, hosts, caching.

  ̕ Linux Documentation Project ̈ꕔłB (: |ł
  Japanese FAQ Project ̈ꕔł)
  1.1.  @IȂ

  (C)opyright 1995-2001 Nicolai Langfeldt, Jamie Norrish & Co. Do not
  modify without amending copyright, distribute freely but retain
  copyright message.

  ̒̕쌠 (C)opyright 1995-2001 Nicolai Langfeldt, Jamie
  Norrish & Co. ɂ܂B̕Cꍇ͒쌠\ɂ̎|
  LĉB錾ύXȂΎRɍĔzz邱Ƃł
  B

  󒍁F|͒앐Ys܂B(C)opyright 1998-2002 Takeo Nakano

  1.2.  ӎƃwvW

  { HOWTO ̍ǂ肢ׂĂ̐lX (ꂼ̂͂̕)A
  Ădq[őĂׂĂ̓ǎ҂Ɋӂ܂B

  ͂̕܂̂ł͂܂B̕ǂɂ邽
  ߂ɁA_␬ȂǂɂĕM҂Ƀ[𑗂ĉBRgE
  AȂǂ janl(at)langfeldt.net ܂ŁB邢͎ DNS {𔃂
  Ă (薼 "The Concise Guide to DNS and BIND łB ISBN ͎Q
  lXgɂ܂)B[𑗂AԐM]ꍇɂ́AԐM
  ̃AhXA܂Ƌ@\Ă邩ǂmFĉ
  悤ɂ肢܂B܂[Oɂ͕K ``Q & A'' ̃ZNV
  ǂłBȂAǂ߂̂̓mEF[ƉpɌ܂B

   HOWTO łB 1995 NA̕ LDP ̈ꕔƂĊ
  Ă܂B 2000 NɁA͂̃gsbNɊւ鏑Ђ܂B
  f肵Ă̂łA HOWTO ͂낢ȓ_ł̖{ƎĂ
  ܂ǂA{̔グL΂߂ɂ HOWTO Ŏ蔲悤
  ȂƂ͂܂B HOWTO ̓ǎ҂́ADNS ̗ɓ
  ł邩ɋĂ܂BɂĂ̖{͗ǂ̂ɂȂ
  ܂A܂{ƂŁA HOWTO ɉKvȂ̂l
  邱ƂɂȂ܂B HOWTO ̖{Y݁A܂̖{
   HOWTO ̑OłYނƂɂȂ܂B̃`Xɉ
  Ƃɑ΂āAoŎЂ Que Ɋӂ܂ :-)

  : ̕ v1.0 ́AcMFƓPÂƂ|󂳂܂
  B삪 v2.1.1 ɂ킹čXVAȍ~̊ǗsĂ܂BXV̍
  ɂ́AӌEEԍEAZ
  ĂJ삳E䂳͂߁A JF-ML ̊Fɂb
  Ȃ܂B

  |ɊւRg nakano(at)apm.seikei.ac.jp ܂ł肢܂B
  DNS Ɋւ{ł̎ƂĂ linux-users [OXg
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/community/ml/linux-users/> 
  fj.os.linux.networking, fj.net.ip.dns ȂǂKł傤B

  1.3.  

   HOWTO  Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt ɕBƂĂޏ
  ̕ǂނƂ͖낤ǁBނ̏̎qȂ
  ȂB

  1.4.  ŐV

   HOWTO ̍XVł́A <http://langfeldt.net/DNS-HOWTO/> ܂
  <http://www.linuxdoc.org/> Ō͂łB̕ 9 ȏO
  ̓tAɍsĂB

  2.  ͂߂

  ͉̕łĉł͂ȂB

  DNS Ƃ Domain Name System ̂ƂłB DNS ̓}V̖O IP ԍ
  (lbg[Ñ}Vɂ͕K̔ԍtĂ܂) ɕϊ܂B
  DNS ͖OAhXւ́A܂AhX疼Oւ̖| (邢͒
  ̌tł΁u}bvv) Ȃǂs܂B HOWTO 
  ́AUnix VXepĂ̂悤ȃ}bv`@ɂċLq
  ܂BȂ Linux ɓLȂƂ܂܂Ă܂B

  u}bvvƂ́APɓ̂̂т邱ƂłBł
  ftp.linux.org Ƃ悤ȃ}V̖OƁÃ}V IP ԍ (IP
  AhX) ł 199.249.150.4 ̂悤Ȓlт邱ƂɂȂ܂B
  DNS ɂ͋t̃}bv܂܂܂BȂ킿AIP ԍ}V̖O
  ւ̕ϊłB́utvƌĂ΂Ă܂B

  S (Ȃ ;-) ɂƂ DNS ́Albg[NǗ̂Ȃł킩
  ̈łBK DNS ͎ۂɂ͂قǓ͂܂B
   HOWTO ł́A̎𑽏ȂƂ킩悤ɂƎv
  ܂BȒP DNS l[T[oݒ肷@܂B܂Lb
  Vp̃T[o͂߂āAhCɑ΂vC} DNS T[
  oݒ肵Ă܂BƕGȐݒsȂꍇɂ́A̕ ``Q
  & A'' ̏͂QƂĂBɂĂȂAƂ
  ƂǂޕKvł傤BuƂvɂẮA
  ``nǗ҂ɂȂ邽߂'' ̏͂Ő܂B

  DNS ɂĂ̍Ƃn߂OɁAȂ̃}Vݒ肵āA telnet ł
  olbgւ̊eڑł悤ɂĂĂB
  telnet 127.0.0.1 ŁÃ݂}VgɃOCł悤ɂĂ
   (eXg!)B܂ /etc/nsswitch.conf (邢
  /etc/host.conf)A /etc/resolv.confA /etc/hosts Ȃǂ̃t@Cɑ΂
  āAݒĂĂB̋@\ɂĂ͂̕ł
  ܂Bȏ̏łĂȂꍇ́A Networking-HOWTO 
  Networking-Overview-HOWTO ɐ܂AƓǂŐݒ肵
  ĂB

  ̕ŁuȂ̃}VvƏĂꍇA DNS 𓮍삳
  悤ƂĂ}VŵƂ܂Bɂlbg[NɂȂ
  邠Ȃ̃}V͂ł傤ǁÂƂł͂܂B

  Ȃ̃}VĂlbg[Nɂ́AOubN
  ȖhΕ (t@CAEH[) ݂͑Ȃ̂Ƃ܂Bt@CAEH[
  ɂꍇɂ͓ʂȐݒ肪KvɂȂ܂B ``Q & A'' ̏͂
  B

  UNIX VXeł̖ÕT[rX named ƌĂ΂vOɂ
  Ď܂B Internet Software Consortium  ``BIND'' pbP
  [WɊ܂܂vOłB named ́AقƂǂ Linux fBXg
  r[VɊ܂܂Ă܂BĂ BIND ƂÕpbP[W
  Ă (啶̓ei̋Cł傤)A
  /usr/sbin/named ƂăCXg[܂B

   named łɂ΁Ag΂ł傤Bꍇɂ
  Linux  ftp TCgoCi肷邩AŐV (čō) \
  [X <ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/> 肵܂傤B HOWTO
  ł BIND  version 9 ΏۂɂĂ܂B BIND 4  8 Ώۂɂ
  o[W HOWTO  <http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/DNS/> ɂ܂
  ̂ŁA BIND 4 gĂl͂QƂĂ (łɂ
  HOWTO ꏏɂĂ܂)B named  man y[W (Ō̕ɂ
  FILES ZNV)  named.conf ɊւLq΁AȂ̎gĂ
  ̂ BIND 8 ܂ 9 łBt named.boot ɊւLq BIND
  4 łBZLeBɋCgȂ΂ȂȂlŁA 4 gĂ
  ́AŐV BIND 8  9 ɃAbvO[hׂł傤BɁA
  łB

  () Ō͂ƈӌ̕Ƃ납m܂BႦ΃\[X
  xł̃ZLeB`FbNsĂ邱ƂŒm OpenBSD 
  ́A܂ˑRƂ BIND 4  named 肵܂B

  DNS ̓lbg[NŜɍLf[^x[XłBf[^̓o^͐Tdɍs
  Ȃ܂傤Bςȓeo^ƁAȂ̐lBf܂B^
  ڂɂƉ^p΁A DNS ͉b炵Ă͂łB DNS 
  gAǗ̎dAfobÔ肩wсAǂǗ҂ɂȂĂ
  Bݒ~XŃlbg𗎂Ƃ肷邱ƂȂ悤ɂ܂傤ˁB

  : ύX悤Ɏwt@Cłɑ݂ĂA
  ̃obNAbvĂ܂傤BƂ̌ʂ܂Ȃꍇ
  ɁA̓ĂԂɖ߂Ƃł悤ɂ邽߂łB

  2.1.  ̃l[T[o̎

  ̐߂ Joost van Baal ܂B

  Ȃ̃}V DNS T[oɂpbP[W͉ނ݂Ă܂B
  ܂ BIND pbP[W ( <http://www.isc.org/products/BIND/>)A
  HOWTO ΏۂƂĂłBƂLgĂl[T[o
  ŁA 1980 NォoAyĂ܂B݃C^[lbgŃl[T
  [rX񋟂Ă}V̑啔 BIND gĂ܂B BIND  BSD
  CZXŔzzĂ܂BƂLgĂpbP[Wł
  A BIND Ɋւ镶m񑶍݂܂BABIND ɂ̓Z
  LeB̖肪Ƃ܂B

  ꂩ djbdns ( <http://djbdns.org/>) Ƃ̂܂BrIV
   DNS pbP[WŁADaniel J. Bernstein (qmail ̍҂ł܂) 
  ܂B djbdns ͔ɃW[Ă܂B̏
  vOAl[T[öׂd̂ꂼ̂̕łB
  djbdns ̓ZLeBOɂĐ݌vĂ܂B][t@C
  tH[}bg͂PŁA܂̏ꍇ͐ݒȒPłB܂
  Lł͂Ȃ߂ɁAȂ̋߂̃Oɂ鏕́ÃvOɊ
  Ă͓Ȃ܂BcOȂÃ\tgEFA̓I[v
  \[Xł͂܂B҂ɂ`
  <http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ad.html> ɂ܂B

  DJB ̃\tgEFAAẪ\tgEFAɔׁA{ɐî
  ̂ǂ́Aȋc_̑ΏۂɂȂĂ܂B BIND vs djbdns Ɋ
  铢_ (邢̓t[EH[?) ́A <http://www.isc.org/ml-
  archives/bind-users/2000/08/msg01075.html> ɂ܂B

  3.  OƃLbVsl[T[o

  DNS ݒ̍ŏ̈B_CAAbvEP[ufEADSL Ȃǂ̃[
  Uɂ͂ƂĂ֗łB

  Red Hat ARed Hat Ɋ֘AfBXgr[Vł́A bind pbP
  [WEbind-utils pbP[WE caching-nameserver pbP[WCXg
  [邾ŁA HOWTO ̍ŏ̃ZNV̌ʂƓ̂
  ܂B Debian gĂȂ bind  bind-doc CXg[邾
  ł (邢͑O҂ɑ΂Ă bind9B̎̕Mł́ADebian ̈
   (potato)  BIND 9 T|[gĂ܂)B񂱂̃pb
  P[WCXg[邾ł́A HOWTO ǂނƂɂē
  m͎ɓ܂Bł̂ŁA܂pbP[WCXg[A
  ŃCXg[ꂽt@C𒲂ׂȂAǂݐił̂ǂł
  B

  LbVp̃l[T[oƂ́AǑʂLĂA
  ₢킹̎ɂ̋Lgē̂łB񂩂̖₢킹
  ΂鉞 (ɒxgĂꍇɂ) ƂĂȂ܂B

  ܂ŏ /etc/named.conf Ƃt@CKvł (Debian ł
  /etc/bind/named.conf)B named ͋NƂ܂̃t@Cǂݍ݂
  B݂̂Ƃ́Â悤ȊȒPȂ̂ł悢ł傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  // Config file for caching only name server
  //
  // The version of the HOWTO you read may contain leading spaces
  // (spaces in front of the characters on these lines ) in this and
  // other files.  You must remove them for things to work.
  //
  // Note that the filenames and directory names may differ, the
  // ultimate contents of should be quite similar though.

  options {
          directory "/var/named";

          // Uncommenting this might help if you have to go through a
          // firewall and things are not working out.  But you probably
          // need to talk to your firewall admin.

          // query-source port 53;
  };

  controls {
          inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
  };

  key "rndc_key" {
          algorithm hmac-md5;
          secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
  };

  zone "." {
          type hint;
          file "root.hints";
  };

  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "pz/127.0.0";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Linux fBXgr[ṼpbP[Wł́AŏЉ邻ꂼ
  t@CɁAʂ̖OĂ邩܂Błe͓͂
  B

  directory ̍śA named QƂt@C̒uꏊw肷̂
  Bȍ~ׂ̂Ẵt@C͂̑΃pXƂȂ܂BȂ
  fBNg pz  /var/named ȉɂAtpXŕ\L
  /var/named/pz ƂƂɂȂ܂B /var/named  Linux Filesystem
  Standard ɏfBNgłB

  /var/named/root.hints Ƃt@C̖O͂ŕtĂ܂B
  ̃t@C̒ĝ͎悤ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ;
  ; There might be opening comments here if you already have this file.
  ; If not don't worry.
  ;
  ; About any leading spaces in front of the lines here: remove them!
  ; Lines should start in a ;, . or character, not blanks.
  ;
  ; łɂ̃t@Cꍇ́AɊJnRg邩
  ; ܂BȂĂ͂܂B
  ;
  ; sɋ󔒕ꍇ́A폜Ă! es ;A.
  ; ܂͕Ŏn܂܂B󔒂Ŏn܂邱Ƃ͂܂B
  ;
  .                       6D  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                       6D  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.41.0.4
  B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.9.0.107
  C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.33.4.12
  D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.8.10.90
  E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.203.230.10
  F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.5.5.241
  G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.112.36.4
  H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.63.2.53
  I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.36.148.17
  J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.41.0.10
  K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       193.0.14.129
  L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.32.64.12
  M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       202.12.27.33
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@Cɂ͐Ẽ[gl[T[oLq܂B͎ԂƂ
  ɕωĂ̂ŁAƂǂXVKv܂BXV̕@
  ``eiX'' ̏͂ĂB

  named.conf ̖̕ɂ zone ZNV܂B̗p@ɂ
  Ă͌̏͂ŏqׂł̂ŁÂƂ͈ȉ̂悤ȓẽt@C
   pz TufBNg 127.0.0 ƂOōĂĂB
  (łJbgAhy[XgƂɂ͐擪̃Xy[X菜悤
  ɂĂ)

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $TTL 3D
  @               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                  1       ; Serial
                                  8H      ; Refresh
                                  2H      ; Retry
                                  4W      ; Expire
                                  1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      ns.linux.bogus.
  1                       PTR     localhost.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  key  control ƂOZNV́A̓łāA
   named [g琧ł邱Ƃw肵Ă܂ (rndc Ƃv
  Op܂)Bł̓[JzXg̐ڑłȂ΂Ȃ
  AGR[hꂽ閧ł̔F؂KvɂȂ܂B̌̓pX[h
  ̂悤Ȃ̂łB rndc @\ɂ́ǍɃ}b`
  /etc/rndc.conf KvɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  key rndc_key {
      algorithm "hmac-md5";
      secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
  };

  options {
      default-server localhost;
      default-key    rndc_key;
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ă킩悤ɁAsecret ̎w͓łB rndc 𑼂̃}Vg
  ꍇ́A̎v 5 ȓɉĂȂ΂Ȃ܂B̖ړI
  ɂ ntp (xntpd  ntpdate) \tgEFAp邱Ƃ߂܂B

  ɁAȉ̂悤ȓe /etc/resolv.confKvłB (󔒂
  菜!)

  ______________________________________________________________________
  search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
  nameserver 127.0.0.1
  ______________________________________________________________________

  `search' Ŏn܂ĂśA₢킹ꂽzXgThC̎w
  łB`nameserver' Ŏn܂śAl[T[õAhXwłB
  ͎̃}VŃl[T[o𓮂̂ŁA[JzXgw肵܂B
  (: named ͂̃t@CQƂ܂BQƂ̂̓]ołB
  2: resolv.conf t@Ciɂ "domain" Əꂽs邩܂
  BĂ肠܂񂪁A "search"  "domain" ̗𓯎ɂ͗p
  Ȃ悤ɂĂBǂ炩͂܂B)

  ̃t@C̈Ӗ܂傤BNCAg foo ̖Os
  ƁA܂ŏ foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu 𒲂ׁA foo.your-
  domain.edu AŌ foo 𒲂ׂ܂Bsearch sɂ܂葽̃h
  CƁAׂĂ𒲂ׂ̂ɎԂ悤ɂȂ̂ŁAقǂقǂ
  Ă̂ǂł傤B

  ̗ł͂Ȃ̃}V subdomain.your-domain.edu ɂƂĂ
  ̂ŁAȂ̃}V̖O͂炭 your-machine.subdomain.your-
  domain.edu ƂȂĂł傤BȂ search sɂ͂Ȃ TLD (Top
  Level Domain, ̏ꍇ `edu') ܂߂ׂł͂܂Bpɂɐڑ
  悤ȓ̃hC΁Aȉ̂悤 search sɂ̃hC
  Ăł傤B (擪ɃXy[X苎̂YȂ
  悤ɁB)

  ______________________________________________________________________
  search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ۂɂ͖{̃hCKv܂BhC̍Ō
  ɂ̓sIhȂƂɒӂĂB͏dvȃ|Cg
  BhC̍Ōɂ̓sIhȂƂɒӂĂB

  3.1.  named N

  ̏񂾂 named 𗧂グ܂傤B_CAAbvڑ
  ĂĺA܂ɐڑĂBł named N܂Bu[
  gXNvgNꍇ /etc/init.d/named startA named 𒼐
  Nꍇ /usr/sbin/named Ƃ܂BȑO̔ł BIND Ŏ悤
  ƂsƂ́A炭 ndc gƂƎv܂B BIND 9 
  ́A rndc ɕς܂B rndc  named [g琧ł
  ܂A named N邱Ƃ͂ł܂B named 𓮂ĂŒ
  syslog ̃bZ[Wt@C (ʂ /var/adm/messages łA Debian
  ł /var/log/daemin łAfBNg /var/log At@C
  ʂ肷邩܂)  (tail -f
  /var/adm/messages Ƃ܂)Aȉ̂悤ȏo͂\͂ł:

  (s \ ̍s͎̍sɑ܂)

       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11031]: starting BIND 9.1.3
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11031]: using 1 CPU
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: loading configuration from \
           '/etc/named.conf'
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: the default for the \
           'auth-nxdomain' option is now 'no'
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: no IPv6 interfaces found
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, \
           127.0.0.1#53
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, \
           10.0.0.129#53
       Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: command channel listening on \
           127.0.0.1#953
       Dec 23 02:21:13 lookfar named[11034]: running

  G[bZ[Wꍇ́AԈႦĂ̂ł傤B named 
  ǂł邻̃t@C𖼎wĂ͂łB߂ăt@C
  `FbNĂBCIēx named NĂB
  āA܂ōsĂݒĂ݂܂傤B܂ł nslookup 
  eXĝ߂̃vOłBŋ߂ł dig Ă܂B

       $ dig -x 127.0.0.1
       ;; Got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26669
       ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

       ;; QUESTION SECTION:
       ;1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.                IN      PTR

       ;; ANSWER SECTION:
       1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 259200  IN      PTR     localhost.

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.

       ;; Query time: 3 msec
       ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
       ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 02:26:17 2001
       ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 91

  ƕ\΁A܂Ă͂łBȂƂłˁB
  قȂ\oA蒼ASă`FbNłB named.conf ύX
  Âт rndc reload R}hsKv܂B

  ł͖₢킹Ă݂܂傤BȂ̋߂ɂ}V̖O
  ݂܂傤B̋߂ (Oslo w) ɂ pat.uio.noƂ}V
  B

       $ dig pat.uio.no
       ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> pat.uio.no
       ;; global options:  printcmd
       ;; Got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15574
       ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 0

       ;; QUESTION SECTION:
       ;pat.uio.no.                    IN      A

       ;; ANSWER SECTION:
       pat.uio.no.             86400   IN      A       129.240.130.16

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       uio.no.                 86400   IN      NS      nissen.uio.no.
       uio.no.                 86400   IN      NS      nn.uninett.no.
       uio.no.                 86400   IN      NS      ifi.uio.no.

       ;; Query time: 651 msec
       ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
       ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 02:28:35 2001
       ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 108

  x́Adig ͂Ȃ̃}VœĂ named  pat.uio.no T
  ˗܂B named  root.hints t@CɏĂl[
  T[öɐڑāA₢킹܂B /etc/resolv.conf ɏ
  ĂhCׂĂɂĒׂKv邩Ȃ̂ŁAʂ
  ܂łɏXԂ邱Ƃ܂B

  łx₢킹sƁÂ悤ȌʂɂȂł傤B

       $ dig pat.uio.no

       ; <<>> DiG 8.2 <<>> pat.uio.no
       ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
       ;; got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4
       ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 3
       ;; QUERY SECTION:
       ;;      pat.uio.no, type = A, class = IN

       ;; ANSWER SECTION:
       pat.uio.no.             23h59m58s IN A  129.240.130.16

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       UIO.NO.                 23h59m58s IN NS  nissen.UIO.NO.
       UIO.NO.                 23h59m58s IN NS  ifi.UIO.NO.
       UIO.NO.                 23h59m58s IN NS  nn.uninett.NO.

       ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
       nissen.UIO.NO.          23h59m58s IN A  129.240.2.3
       ifi.UIO.NO.             1d23h59m58s IN A  129.240.64.2
       nn.uninett.NO.          1d23h59m58s IN A  158.38.0.181

       ;; Total query time: 4 msec
       ;; FROM: lookfar to SERVER: default -- 127.0.0.1
       ;; WHEN: Sat Dec 16 00:23:09 2000
       ;; MSG SIZE  sent: 28  rcvd: 162

  ǂ͂ƑƂ͂킩ł傤BO 0.5 bȏォ
  Ă܂A 4ms ł݂܂BT[ỏ񓚂Lb
  Vꂽ̂łBLbVꂽ񓚂́AÂȂČƈقȂĂ
  \܂ALbVꂽ񓚂𐳂ƌȂԂ́A
  ԂT[ȏŐł̂ŁAꂽ񓚂̂ł
  \͍ł傤B

  3.2.  ]o

  WI C API Ă邷ׂĂ OS ɂ́A gethostbyname 
  gethostbyaddr ƂVXeR[݂܂B͉ނ̈ق
  񌹂擾ł܂Bǂ̏񌹂擾邩́ALinux Ȃ
  /etc/nsswitch.conf Ƃt@CŐݒł܂ (pĂ Unix
  ͑ɂ܂)B͒t@CŁAǂ̃t@CA邢͂
  ̃f[^x[XA낢Ȏނ̃f[^擾邩w肵܂B
  ͐擪ɃRg`̉܂̂ŁAǂł܂傤BǂݏI
   `hosts:' ł͂܂sTĂBȉ̂悤ɂȂĂ
  ͂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  hosts:      files dns
  ______________________________________________________________________

  (擪̃Xy[X̂Ƃ͊oĂ܂ˁHȏ͂y܂B)

  `hosts:' ł͂܂s΁AL̂悤ȓeĂĂ
  B́AvO͂܂ /etc/hosts t@CɍsA DNS
   resolv.conf ɂă`FbNAƌĂ܂B

  3.3.  ߂łƂ

  āA₠Ȃ̓LbV named ̐ݒ@m킯
  Br[ł~NłADȂ̂Ŋt܂傤B

  4.  tH[h (forwarding)

  wp@ւ ISP (Internet Service Provider) Ȃǂ́AɑgDꂽ
  傫ȃlbg[Nł́Albg[ÑvB DNS T[oɁutH[
  _ (forwarder)vƌĂ΂Kw݂Ă邱Ƃ邩܂B
  ƁÃlbg[NׂAOɂT[oׂ̕
  ̂łB̂悤ȃlbg[N̈ꕔɂ̂ǂm
  ̂͂قǊȒPł͂܂BɂAڑĂvo
  C_ DNS T[outH[_vƂėp΁A₢킹̔
  łAlbg[Nւׂ̕邱Ƃł܂BpƁA
  Ȃ̃l[T[óA₢킹 ISP ̃l[T[oɍs܂B
  킹N邽сA ISP ̃l[T[őȃLbVf[^
  邱ƂɂȂ܂BĖ₢킹̑x͏オAȂ̃l
  [T[o͎őS̎dȂȂĂǂȂ܂Bfg
  Ăꍇ́Ǎʂ͂Ȃ傫łBŗƂāAg̃lb
  g[NvoC_ɂ͗pĂl[T[oƂ
  Bꂼ IP ԍ 10.0.0.1  10.1.0.1 Ƃ܂傤B̂悤
  ꍇɂ́A茳 named.conf t@C̍ŏ̃ZNVA ``options''
  ƂOĂ镔Ɉȉ̍s}ĉB

  ______________________________________________________________________
             forward first;
             forwarders {
                  10.0.0.1;
                  10.1.0.1;
              };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  _CAAbv}Vɂ forwarders gƊgbN
  ܂B ``Q & A'' ̏͂ɏĂ܂B

  l[T[oċNāAdig ŃeXgĂB܂Ă
  v܂B

  5.  P hC

  Ȃg̃hC̐ݒ@

  5.1.  ł܂ŏɑދȗ_

  ܂ŏ: ܂ł̓e͂Ɠǂ݂܂HǂłȂΓǂނ
  ɁB

  ̃ZNVۂɎn߂OɁADNS ̓Ɋւ闝_XƁA
  ̓ЉĂ܂BƖɗ܂AГǂ݂܂傤B
  ǂ݂ȂĂAȂƂǂ݂炢͂ĂĂB
  named.conf t@C̐ݒɊւ镔܂ł痬ǂ݂̓Xgbv
  B

  DNS ͊KwIȃc[\̃VXełB̒_ `.' ƋLqA
  (c[^f[^\ł̊ɏ]) u[g (root)vƔ܂B
  `.' ̉ɂ͂ Top Level Domain (TLD) ܂B ORG, COM,
  EDU, NET ȂǂLłAɂ񂠂܂Bۂ̖؂Ɠ悤
  ɁÃc[\͍A}ꂵ܂BvZ@Ȋw̒ml
  ɂ́A DNS ͌c[Ɍł傤B܂ɂ͐ߓ_ (node)A[_
  (leaf node)A} (edge) 邱ƂĎł傤B

  }V̌sƂA₢킹̓[gn܂Kwɑ΂čċAI
  ɍs܂B܃zXg prep.ai.mit.edu. ̃AhXƂ
  傤Bƃl[T[o͂ǂɖ₢킹sKv܂B
  LbVɂȂǂT܂BȑO̖⍇킹LbV
  cĂāAmĂꍇɂ́AO̐߂Ō悤ɁAɓ
  Ԃ܂BLbVɓȂꍇ́A₢킹̂Oɂǂ
  炢߂Ԃ邩𒲂ׁALbVĂł邾g
  Ƃ܂Bň̏ꍇ `.' ([g) }b`邱ƂɂȂA
  ă[gT[oɐq˂Kv܂Bl[T[o͖O̍̕
  ĂA ai.mit.edu., mit.edu., edu. ɂĒmĂ
  `FbNĂ܂BmȂ . ɍs킯łA̓
   hints t@CɏĂ̂ŁA܂BłȂ̃l[
  T[o . ̃T[o prep.ai.mit.edu Ɋւ₢킹s܂B
   . T[o͒ڂ̓͒mȂł傤AȂ̃T[oɎQƐ
  Aɂǂɕ΂Ă܂B̎QƐ񎦂͓悤
  ɎXɍsAȂ̃l[T[o͓mĂl[T[oɂ܂
  ܂B܂炨܂傤B +norec  dig ɍċAI
  ⍇킹Ȃ悤ɖAċAXgōsƂɂ܂B̑
  IvV́Adig ɐ炷悤ɖ̂ŁAߖ
  ܂B

       $ dig +norec +noques +nostats +nocmd prep.ai.mit.edu.
       ;; Got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 980
       ;; flags: qr ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 0

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       .                       518400  IN      NS      J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       .                       518400  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

  ͎QƐ̒񎦂łBɂ "Authority section" ȂA"Answer
  section" ܂B̗Ăl[T[óÃl[
  T[ôǂꂩɎw܂BǂꂩЂƂ_ɑIł݂܂
  B

       $ dig +norec +noques +nostats +nocmd prep.ai.mit.edu. @D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
       ;; Got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58260
       ;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 3

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       mit.edu.                172800  IN      NS      BITSY.mit.edu.
       mit.edu.                172800  IN      NS      STRAWB.mit.edu.
       mit.edu.                172800  IN      NS      W20NS.mit.edu.

       ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
       BITSY.mit.edu.          172800  IN      A       18.72.0.3
       STRAWB.mit.edu.         172800  IN      A       18.71.0.151
       W20NS.mit.edu.          172800  IN      A       18.70.0.160

  MIT.EDU ̃T[oQ؂ɒ񎦂܂Bł͂܂ǂꂩ_
  ɑIт܂傤B

       $ dig +norec +noques +nostats +nocmd prep.ai.mit.edu. @BITSY.mit.edu.
       ;; Got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29227
       ;; flags: qr ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4

       ;; ANSWER SECTION:
       prep.ai.mit.edu.        10562   IN      A       198.186.203.77

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       ai.mit.edu.             21600   IN      NS      FEDEX.ai.mit.edu.
       ai.mit.edu.             21600   IN      NS      LIFE.ai.mit.edu.
       ai.mit.edu.             21600   IN      NS      ALPHA-BITS.ai.mit.edu.
       ai.mit.edu.             21600   IN      NS      BEET-CHEX.ai.mit.edu.

       ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
       FEDEX.ai.mit.edu.       21600   IN      A       192.148.252.43
       LIFE.ai.mit.edu.        21600   IN      A       128.52.32.80
       ALPHA-BITS.ai.mit.edu.  21600   IN      A       128.52.32.5
       BEET-CHEX.ai.mit.edu.   21600   IN      A       128.52.32.22

  x "ANSWER SECTION" ܂BĎ̒m肽
  ܂B "AUTHORITY SECTION" ɂ́A ai.mit.edu ɐq˂ۂ
  ͂ǂ̃T[oɂׂAƂ񂪊܂܂Ă܂BĎ
  ai.mit.edu ̖OɂĒm肽Ƃɂ́AɒڕΗǂ킯
  łB named ͓ mit.edu ɊւW߂̂ŁAɗႦ
  www.mit.edu ₢킳ꂽƂɂ́AɂƋ߂Ƃɂ邱
  ɂȂ܂B

  Ƃ킯ŁA. X^[gAQƐ񎦂H邱ƂŁAhC̊e
  xɂl[T[oXɌ邱Ƃł܂BO DNS
  T[o΁Ȃ̃l[T[ogȂĂAȂ named
  ́Â悤Ɍ@ĂiKŌׂăLbVA΂
  ͍Ăѐq˂ȂĂǂ悤ɂĂ܂B

  c[Ƃ̃AiW[łƁAO̊e ``.'' ͎}̃|Cgɑ
  ܂B ``.''  ɋ܂ꂽ̓c[ł̂ꂼ̎}̖O
  ɂȂ܂B~O (prep.ai.it.edu) ̖O𓾂ɂ́Ãc[
  ĂƂɂȂ܂B root (.) Aroot  prep.ai.mit.edu Ɏ
  r̂T[oɏ₢킹ALbV܂B
  LbV̐ɒBƁA̍ċAIȃ]o͂̃T[oւ̖⍇
  ߁AŎQƒ񎦂ꂽAO̒[̂قɂ鎟̃T[oւƐi
  ł܂B

  ܂܂łقƂǐG܂łA炢ɏdvȃhCƂ
   in-addr.arpa ܂B́uʂ́vhĈ悤ɃlXg
  ܂B in-addr.arpa ̂ŁAAhX킩ĂꍇɃzXg
  邱Ƃł悤ɂȂ܂BŏdvȂ̂́A IP ԍ in-
  addr.arpa hCł͋tɋLq邱ƂłB}ṼAhX
  192.186.203.77 킩ĂꍇA named   prep.ai.mit.edu 
  Ɠ悤 77.203.168.198.in-addr.arpa TƂ܂BܗႦ
  ΁A `.' ȊOS}b`Ȃ悤ȁALbVɂȂGgT
  ܂傤B root T[oɖKˁA m.root-servers.net ͑ root T[o
  ւ̎QƂԂ܂B b.root-servers.net ͒ bitsy.mit.edu/ ւ̎Q
  ԂĂ̂ŁA擾邱ƂɂȂ܂B

  5.2.  ̃hC

  āÃhC`܂傤BhC linux.bogus A
  Ɏ̃}V`܂傤Bł͊Sɉˋ̃hC
  gāAԈĂO̐lɖfȂ悤ɂ܂傤B

  n߂Oɂ_BzXgɎg镶ɂ͐܂Bp̃A
  t@xbg a-zA 0-9A '-' (_bV) g܂B
  悤ɂĂ (̋KjĂ BIND 9 ł͑vłABIND
  8 ̓_ł)B啶 DNS ł͋ʂ܂B
  pat.uio.no  Pat.UiO.No Ƃ͂܂悤ɉ߂܂B

  ͂̏͂ōŏɍsׂ͂łɋLqς݂łB named.conf ɂ͈
  ̂悤ȍs܂ˁB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "pz/127.0.0";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@Cł̓hC̍Ō `.' tĂȂ_ɒӂĂ
  BL̓eAꂩ玄̓][ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa 
  `邱ƁAĂ named ̃][̃}X^[T[oɂȂ邱ƁA
  ܂̓et@C pz/127.0.0 ɕۑ邱ƂȂǂ킩܂B
  ̃t@C͂łɐݒς݂ŁAȉ̂悤ȓê͂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $TTL 3D
  @               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                  1       ; Serial
                                  8H      ; Refresh
                                  2H      ; Retry
                                  4W      ; Expire
                                  1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      ns.linux.bogus.
  1                       PTR     localhost.
  ______________________________________________________________________

   named.conf ̏ꍇƂ͑ΏƓIɁÃt@Cłׂ͂Ẵh
  C̍Ō `.' 邱ƂɒӂĂB][t@C̐擪
   $ORIGIN ߂uƂDސl悤łA͕sv
  B][t@C origin (̃][ DNS ̊Kw) 
  named.conf ̃][ZNVŎw肳܂B̏ꍇ 0.0.127.in-
  addr.arpa łB

  ́u][t@Cvɂ͎O́u\[XR[h (resource record:
  RR)v܂܂Ă܂B SOA RR, NS RR, PTR RR łB SOA  Start Of
  Authority ̏ȗłB`@' ͓ʂȋLŁA origin Ӗ܂B
  t@C `domain' J 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa łAŏ̍s
  ۂ̈Ӗ͈ȉƓɂȂ܂B

       0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   IN      SOA ...

  NS  Name Server RR ̗łB̍s̐擪ɂ `@' ܂B
  ͈Öق̂ɂłɎw肳ꂽƂɂȂĂ܂BO̍s `@' ł
  ܂ĂłB^Cv̗ʂߖł܂ˁB NS 
  s͈ȉ̂悤ɂLqł邱ƂɂȂ܂B

       0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus

  ̍s DNS ɁAǂ̃}ṼhC 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ̃l[
  T[oł邩܂B ns.linux.bogus Ƃ킯łˁB `ns' 
  ̂̓l[T[oɗǂp閼OłA web T[o
  www.something ƂOt̂Ǝ悤Ȃ̂łBۂɂ͂
  ȖOpĂ܂܂B

  Ō PTR (Domain Name Pointer) R[hATulbg 0.0.127.in-
  addr.arpa ̃AhX 1 ̃zXgAȂ킿 127.0.0.1  localhost Ƃ
  Oł邱ƂĂ܂B

  SOA R[h͂ǂȃ][t@Cł擪ɒu܂B܂e][
  t@CɂA擪 ( $TTL ŵƂ) ܂B̃
  R[h̓][̐łBǂ瓾̂ (ns.linux.bogusƂ}
  V)AeɊւӔC҂͒N (hostmaster@linux.bogus: ɂ͂
  ̓dq[AhX܂傤)A][t@C̃o[W͂
   (VAԍ: 1)ȂLbVZJ_ DNS T[oȂ
  Ɋ֘AeȂǂ܂Bc̃tB[h (refresh, retry,
  expire, minimum) ɂẮA HOWTO ̒l̂܂܎gΓɖ
  ł傤B SOA ̑Oɂ͕K{̍sA$TTL 3D Əꂽs܂B
  ׂ͂Ẵ][t@CɏĂB

  ł́A named ċN (rndc stop; named) āA dig R}hō
  ܂ł̐ݒ̊mFs܂傤B -x gƋt̖⍇킹s
  B

       $ dig -x 127.0.0.1
       ;; Got answer:
       ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 30944
       ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

       ;; QUESTION SECTION:
       ;1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.                IN      PTR

       ;; ANSWER SECTION:
       1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 259200  IN      PTR     localhost.

       ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
       0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.

       ;; Query time: 3 msec
       ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
       ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:02:39 2001
       ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 91

  ȂƂ 127.0.0.1  localhost ܂BłˁBł
  Ĉdł linux.bogus hĈ߂ɁA named.conf ɐV
   `zone' ZNV܂傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "linux.bogus" {
          type master;
          notify no;
          file "pz/linux.bogus";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ł named.conf t@CɋLqhC̍Ōɂ `.' t
  ĂȂƂɒځB

  linux.bogus ][t@Cɂ́A܂ˋ̃f[^uƂɂ
  傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ;
  ; Zone file for linux.bogus
  ;
  ; The full zone file
  ;
  $TTL 3D
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                          199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                          8H              ; refresh, seconds
                          2H              ; retry, seconds
                          4W              ; expire, seconds
                          1D )            ; minimum, seconds
  ;
                  NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
                  MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                  MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.   ; Secondary Mail Exchanger
  ;
  localhost       A       127.0.0.1
  ns              A       192.168.196.2
  mail            A       192.168.196.4
  ______________________________________________________________________

  SOA R[hɂĂ͓̓_ɒӂKv܂B
  ns.linux.bogus  A R[hۂ̃}VłȂ΂Ȃ܂B
  CNAME R[h́A SOA R[h̃T[o}V̕ɂ͋Lqł܂
  BO `ns' łȂĂAzXgł΂܂܂B
  hostmaster.linux.bogus  hostmaster@linux.bogus ƓǂݑւĂ
  B̓[GCAX[{bNXŁA DNS eiX
  ĂlpɂɃ`FbNĂƂłȂ΂Ȃ܂B̃h
  CɊւ郁[́AŋLqꂽAhXɑ邱ƂɂȂĂ
  BO `hostmaster' łȂȂ e-mail AhXł܂܂
  Bł `hostmaster' ł񂿂Ɠ͂łB

  ̃t@Cɂ͐V^Cv RR ܂B MX (Mail eXchanger) RR
  łB̓[VXeɑ΂ someone@linux.bogus [̑
  `̂ŁA mail.linux.bogus ܂ mail.friend.bogus 
  Ȃ܂B}V̖ȎOɏꂽl MX RR ̗Dx܂B
  ŏ̐l (10) zXgɑ΂ėDIɃ[܂B̔z
  ɎsƁA[͂傫ȐlzXgɔz܂B
  킿ł͗Dx 20  mail.friend.bogus łB

  rndc reload sāAnamed ɐݒt@CĂѓǂ܂܂B܂
  ̐ݒ dig ŊmF܂傤B

  $ dig any linux.bogus
  ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> any linux.bogus
  ;; global options:  printcmd
  ;; Got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55239
  ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

  ;; QUESTION SECTION:
  ;linux.bogus.               IN      ANY

  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  linux.bogus.        259200  IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. \
        hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
  linux.bogus.        259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
  linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
  linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus.

  ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
  linux.bogus.        259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.

  ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
  ns.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2

  ;; Query time: 4 msec
  ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
  ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:06:45 2001
  ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 184

  悭ƁAoO邱Ƃ킩Ǝv܂B

       linux.bogus.        259200  IN MX        10 mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus.

  Ƃ̂͑SłˁB́A

       linux.bogus.        259200  IN MX        10 mail.linux.bogus.

  łȂ΂Ȃ܂B

  ǎ҂̊wKʂ𗶂 :-)AŎ͂킴ƊԈႦ܂B][t@C
  ƁAȉ̍s͂łB

                       MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger

  ɂ̓sIhȂłˁB邢͗]v 'linux.bogus' Ă
  ܂ĂAƂ܂B][t@CɏꂽzXg̍ŌɃs
  IhȂꍇɂ́A origin Ōɉ܂B܂
  linux.bogus.linux.bogus ƓdɂȂĂ܂̂łBłA

  ______________________________________________________________________
                  MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.    ; Primary Mail Exchanger
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ܂

  ______________________________________________________________________
                  MX      10 mail                 ; Primary Mail Exchanger
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ƂׂłB͌҂DłB^CvʂȂłB BIND 
  Ƃɂ͂̏ɔ΂l܂ (^l܂)B][
  t@Cł́AhCׂ͂ď `.' ŏI邩ASȂ
  ǂ炩ɂ܂B҂ł̓ftHg origin t܂B

  ЂƂӂĂ̂łAnamed.conf t@Cł́AhC
  ̌ `.' tĂ͂܂B `.' 菭Ȃ肵
  ŁAǂꂾ̕߂ɂȂAlXꂽA
  Ȃɂ͑zȂł傤B

  ł́A̓_ĐVȃ][t@C܂傤BXV
  Ă܂Aȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ;
  ; Zone file for linux.bogus
  ;
  ; The full zone file
  ;
  $TTL 3D
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                          199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                          8H              ; refresh, seconds
                          2H              ; retry, seconds
                          4W              ; expire, seconds
                          1D )            ; minimum, seconds
  ;
                  TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
                  NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
                  NS      ns.friend.bogus.
                  MX      10 mail         ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                  MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

  localhost       A       127.0.0.1

  gw              A       192.168.196.1
                  TXT     "The router"

  ns              A       192.168.196.2
                  MX      10 mail
                  MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
  www             CNAME   ns

  donald          A       192.168.196.3
                  MX      10 mail
                  MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                  TXT     "DEK"

  mail            A       192.168.196.4
                  MX      10 mail
                  MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.

  ftp             A       192.168.196.5
                  MX      10 mail
                  MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  CNAME (Canonical NAME) ́Ae}V𕡐̖OŌĂԕ@łB
  www  ns ̕ʖɂȂ܂BCNAME R[h̗pɂẮAc_
  ]n܂Błȉ̃[ĂΑvł傤B MX,
  CNAME, SOA ̊eR[hł CNAME R[hQƂĂ͂܂B
   A R[hQƂׂȂ̂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  foobar          CNAME   www                     ; NO!
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ƃwׂ͂ł͂ȂA

  ______________________________________________________________________
  foobar          CNAME   ns                      ; Yes!
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ƃw肪̂ƂȂ܂B

  rndc reload sĐVf[^x[X[h܂傤B
  named t@Cǂݍݒ܂B

       $ dig linux.bogus axfr

       ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> linux.bogus axfr
       ;; global options:  printcmd
       linux.bogus.            259200  IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
       linux.bogus.            259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.
       linux.bogus.            259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
       linux.bogus.            259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
       donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      A       192.168.196.3
       donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
       donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
       donald.linux.bogus.     259200  IN      TXT     "DEK"
       ftp.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      A       192.168.196.5
       ftp.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
       ftp.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
       gw.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.1
       gw.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      TXT     "The router"
       localhost.linux.bogus.  259200  IN      A       127.0.0.1
       mail.linux.bogus.       259200  IN      A       192.168.196.4
       mail.linux.bogus.       259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
       mail.linux.bogus.       259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
       ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.
       ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
       ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2
       www.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      CNAME   ns.linux.bogus.
       linux.bogus.            259200  IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
       ;; Query time: 41 msec
       ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
       ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:12:31 2001
       ;; XFR size: 23 records

  ܂Ă܂ˁB̒ʂA][t@Ĉ̂ƂƎ
  ܂B www ɂĂׂĂ݂܂傤B

  $ dig www.linux.bogus

  ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> www.linux.bogus
  ;; global options:  printcmd
  ;; Got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16633
  ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

  ;; QUESTION SECTION:
  ;www.linux.bogus.               IN      A

  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  www.linux.bogus.        259200  IN      CNAME   ns.linux.bogus.
  ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2

  ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
  linux.bogus.            259200  IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus.

  ;; Query time: 5 msec
  ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
  ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:14:14 2001
  ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 80

  ܂ www.linux.bogus ̖{̖O ns.linux.bogus Ȃ킯łB
   named  ns ɂĎĂĂĂ܂BȂv
  OȂȀŐڑł͂łB

  āA܂łB

  5.3.  t][

  vÓA linux.bogus ɂ閼OAۂɐڑׂAhX
  ɕϊł悤ɂȂ킯łBłt̃][KvłB
  DNS ŃAhX𖼑Oɕϊł悤ɂ邽߂̂̂łB̖O͂
  ܂܂Ȏނ̂̃T[o (FTP, IRC, WWW ȂǂȂ) ɂāA
  Ƃ̒ʐMF߂邩A܂F߂ꍇAǂ̒x̗D搫t^邩Ȃ
  ̔fɗp܂BC^[lbgɂT[rXׂĂɃANZX
  ߂ɂ́At̃][KvɂȂ܂B

  ȉ named.conf ɋLqĂB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "196.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          notify no;
          file "pz/192.168.196";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Ƃ܂łBt@C̒g
  ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $TTL 3D
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                          199802151 ; Serial, todays date + todays serial
                          8H      ; Refresh
                          2H      ; Retry
                          4W      ; Expire
                          1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                  NS      ns.linux.bogus.

  1               PTR     gw.linux.bogus.
  2               PTR     ns.linux.bogus.
  3               PTR     donald.linux.bogus.
  4               PTR     mail.linux.bogus.
  5               PTR     ftp.linux.bogus.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ł rndc reload sAnamed ɐݒt@CĂѓǂ܂AĂ dig
  ł܂ł̐ݒmF܂傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $ dig -x 192.168.196.4
  ;; Got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58451
  ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

  ;; QUESTION SECTION:
  ;4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR

  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     mail.linux.bogus.

  ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
  196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     NS      ns.linux.bogus.

  ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
  ns.linux.bogus.         259200  IN      A       192.168.196.2

  ;; Query time: 4 msec
  ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
  ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:16:05 2001
  ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 107
  ______________________________________________________________________

  AǂłˁBŜ_vĒׂĂ݂܂傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $ dig 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. AXFR

  ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. AXFR
  ;; global options:  printcmd
  196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     SOA     ns.linux.bogus. \
          hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
  196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
  1.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     gw.linux.bogus.
  2.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     ns.linux.bogus.
  3.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     donald.linux.bogus.
  4.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     mail.linux.bogus.
  5.196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN   PTR     ftp.linux.bogus.
  196.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN     SOA     ns.linux.bogus. \
          hostmaster.linux.bogus. 199802151 28800 7200 2419200 86400
  ;; Query time: 6 msec
  ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
  ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 03:16:58 2001
  ;; XFR size: 9 records
  ______________________________________________________________________

  悳łˁÎ悤ȏo͂ɂȂȂꍇ́A syslog ɃG[
  bZ[WoĂȂĂ݂܂傤B``named N''
  ̍ŏ̃ZNVŐ܂ˁB

  5.4.  CĂق

  łtĂƂ܂BLŗp IP ԍ
  'private net' ̂̈̃ubNĂ̂łB܂肱
   IP ԍ̓C^[lbgŃpubNɗp邱Ƃ͂ł܂Bł
  炱 HOWTO ŗƂĕ\ĂSȂ킯łB̓_ notify no;
  ̍słB named ɑ΂āAu][t@ĈǂꂩXV
  AZJ_ (X[u) T[oɓ`ȂvƂw邱
  ɂȂ܂B BIND 8 ȍ~ named ́A][t@C NS R[hɃ
  XgĂ鑼̃T[oɁA][̍XVm点邱Ƃł܂B
  ͒ʏ͕֗ȋ@\łAvCx[gȎł͂̋@\ off ɂ
  ܂傤B̎ɂăC^[lbgɖf͂Ȃ
  傤H

  ĂÃhC͉ˋ̂Ȃ̂ŁAgĂA
  hXˋ̂̂łB̐EŗpĂ{̗́A
  ̏͂ĉB

  5.5.  Ȃt삵Ȃ̂

  ÕVXeɂ́AƂuł̈v
  Bʏ킱炪\ɏoĂ邱Ƃ͂܂񂪁At][̐ݒł
  ǂڂɂ邱Ƃ܂Bȍ~ǂݐi߂Oɂ́AȂ
  ̃}VuȂ̃l[T[ovtł邱ƂmFĂ
  BłȂꍇ͖߂Ă蒼ĂɂĂB

  ł́AtOlbg[N猩ꍇɐ₷̖_
  ɂċc_܂B

  5.5.1.  t][㗝Ȃ

  T[rXvoC_lbg[NAhXԂƃhCl[炤
  Ƃɂ́Aʏ킻̃hCl[͑㗝 (delegation) ܂B㗝Ƃ
  n̖ڂ NS R[ĥƂŁAl[T[oʂ̃l[
  T[o擾Ƃɗp܂B ``ދȗ_'' ̐߂Ő܂
  Bǂł܂AˁHt][삵ĂȂꍇ́A߂
  ǂłB

  t][ɂ㗝KvłBႦ 192.168.196 ̃lbg[N
  linux.bogus hCƈꏏɃvoC_ƂAvoC_
  ɂ NS R[h𐳈][łȂt][ɂĂ炤K
  v܂B in-addr.arpa 炠Ȃ̃lbg[N܂ł̌qH
  ĂƁA炭ǂō̗ւ؂Ă邱Ƃł傤Bڑ
  T[rXvoC_ŁBu؂ĂցvtAT[rXv
  oC_ɘAăG[CĂ炢܂傤B

  5.5.2.  NXX (classless) ̃Tulbgꍇ

  ͂⍂xȘbɂȂ܂BNXX̃Tulbg͍ŋߔ
  ɗǂg悤ɂȂĂ̂ŁAȉЂɏĂlȂA
  炭g߂ɂł傤B

  ŋ߂̃C^[lbgȂƂێłĂ̂́A̓NXXTu
  lbĝȂ̂łBNO IP ԍ̌͊ɂĂƂ
  ɂȂƂ܂B̎ IETF (Internet Engineering Task
  Force: C^[lbgƓĂ͔̂ނ̂Ȃ̂ł) 
  ĺAނ̉bqW߂Ă̖̂łB
  ΉāB̑Ή̈ꕔ́A``C'' ̃TulbggȂ΂
  ȂƁAɂē삵ȂȂ̂oĂ邱ƁAłB̂
  ɊւƁÄɊւẮA Ask Mr. DNS
  <http://www.acmebw.com/askmrdns/00007.htm> ɂDꂽĂ
  B

  ǂ݂܂Hł͐܂񂩂AƓǂłˁB

  ̖̔́Aڑ ISP  Mr. DNS ɏĂeNjbN
  ĂȂ΂ȂȂAƂƂɂ܂B ISP ł́A
  m炸ɓĂƂł傤B̏ꍇ́AȂނ
  ɂ܂񋭂ĂȂ΂܂BɁA܂Ȃ
  Ƃ܂ ;-) ĂꂽAƂƂt][
  ݒ肵Ăł傤B dig gĐǂm߂܂傤B

  ̎c蔼́AȂ̃eNjbN𗝉Ȃ΂ȂȂAƂ
  ƂłBMȂ΁Axǂ݂ɂ܂傤B Mr.
  DNS ̐ɂāÃNXXt][ݒ肵܂傤B

  ͂ɂ͂gbv҂\Ă܂B () Â]o
  ́AÕ`F[̒ɒuꂽ CNAME gbN̕ǂ
  ƂłAȂ̃}V̋tɎsĂ܂Ƃ܂B
  ̌ʁÃ]o͐ȂANZXNXԂAANZX
  ۂAƂɂȂ悤ȂƂɂȂ܂B̖ɈĂ
  ܂A (̒m邩ł) ڑ ISP ɗނ܂Bg
  bNgNXX][t@CɁA CNAME ̑ɂȂ
  PTR R[h𒼐ڏł炤ƂɂȂ܂B

  ISP ɂĂ͕ʂ̉@񋟂Ă邱Ƃ܂BƂ Web x[
  X form ɂċt̃}bv͂ł悤ɂȂĂƂA
  ͎悤ȑS^o^VXeƂB
  5.6.  X[uT[o

  }X^[T[oŃ][ݒłAȂƂ 1 ̃X[u
  T[oKvɂȂ܂BX[uT[o̓VXeSɂ邽߂ɕKv
  Ȃ̂łB}X^[ĂAlbgɂO̐lAX[u炠
  Ȃ̃hCɊւ擾ł悤ɂȂ̂łBX[úA
  Ȃ̂Ƃ납ł邾ꂽƂɒu܂B}X^[ƃX[
  úAd͋ELANEISPEEAȂǂAł苤LĂȂ
  Ƃ]܂̂łB炪ׂă}X^[ƈقȂĂX[u
  A͔ɗǂX[uƌ܂B

  X[úAPɃ}X^[][t@CRs[l[T[o
  Bȉ̂悤ɐݒ肵܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "linux.bogus" {
          type slave;
          file "sz/linux.bogus";
          masters { 192.168.196.2; };
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  f[^̃Rs[ɂ̓][]Ƃdg݂p܂B][] SOA
  R[hŐ䂵܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                          199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                          8H              ; refresh, seconds
                          2H              ; retry, seconds
                          4W              ; expire, seconds
                          1D )            ; minimum, seconds
  ______________________________________________________________________

  }X^[̃VAԍX[u傫ƂɌă][]
  ܂BtbV (refresh) ԂɈ񂸂AX[u̓}X^[X
  VĂȂǂ`FbN܂B`FbNłȂ (}X^[ɐڑ
  łȂ) ƁAX[u̓gC (retry) ԂɈ񂸂Đڑ݂
  B؂ (expire) Ԃo߂Ăsꍇ́AX[u͂
  ̃][t@CVXe폜Aȏ̓][̒񋟂s
  ȂȂ܂B

  6.  {IȃZLeBIvV

  By Jamie Norrish

  邽߂̃IvVݒ

  ȒPȍƂs΁AT[oSɂłA܂T[oׂ̕
  ጸł܂BŏЉe͏o_ɉ߂܂BZLeB̂
  ƂlȂ (lׂł)Albgɂ鑼̃\[Xɂ
   (``Ō̏'')B

  ȉ̎w named.conf ɍs܂B̎w̃t@C
  options ̓ɏƁÃt@CŃXgꂽׂẴ][ɓKp
  ܂B zone Gg̓ɏƁÃ][ɓKp
  ܂B zone ɏꂽGg options ɏꂽGg
  D悳܂B

  6.1.  ][]̐

  X[uT[ohCɑ΂⍇킹ɉɂ́AvC}T[o
  ][̏]ĂKv܂BX[uT[oȊO
  ̃zXgɂ́A̓]̕Kv͂Ȃ͂łBł][]
  allow-transfer IvVgĐ܂傤BႦ
  ns.friend.bogus  IP AhXł 192.168.1.4 ƁAꂩfobO
  p̎gǉȂ:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "linux.bogus" {
        allow-transfer { 192.168.1.4; localhost; };
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ][]𐧌΁AO̐lX猩̂́Aނ炪ڐq˂zX
  gɊւeɌ܂B DNS ݒ̏ڍבŜ⍇킹邱Ƃ
  łȂȂ̂łB

  6.2.  sp

  ܂Albg[Nƃ[J̃}V̂̂̂AȂ̊
  hCȊOւ̖⍇킹͋֎~܂傤B́AӂĂ
  Ȃ DNS T[o𗘗p悤Ƃ鎎݂֎~邾łȂA{sK
  vȖ⍇킹炵܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  options {
        allow-query { 192.168.196.0/24; localhost; };
  };

  zone "linux.bogus" {
        allow-query { any; };
  };

  zone "196.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        allow-query { any; };
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ɓ/[Ĵ̂AċAIȖ⍇킹֎~܂B
  ɂLbVU (cache poisoning attack: Ԉf[^T
  [oɑ邱) ̊댯点܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  options {
          allow-recursion { 192.168.196.0/24; localhost; };
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  6.3.  named  root ȊOŎs

  named  root ȊOŝ͗ǂlłBjꂽƂɁANb
  J[ɒD錠炷Ƃo܂B܂ named 𓮍삳
  [UA named NĂ init XNvgC܂B
  V[UA named  -u tOɎw肵܂B

  Ⴆ Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 ȂA /etc/init.d/bind XNvgȉ
  ŝ悤ɏC܂ ([U named ͂炩ߍ쐬Ă܂):

  ______________________________________________________________________
  start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --exec /usr/sbin/named -- -u named
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Red Hat ⑼̃fBXgr[Vłlɂł͂łB

  Dave Lugo ́A chroot pZLAȐݒ
  <http://www.etherboy.com/dns/chrootdns.html> ŉĂ܂B
  ǎ҂ł傤Bp named 𓮂Ă
  zXgɈSɂł܂B

  7.  ۂ̃hC̗

  ۂɗpĂ][t@C̗

  `[gA̗ႾłȂۂɓ삵Ăڂė~AƂ
  ӌ̂ŁȀ݂͂܂B

  ̗ LAND-5  David Bullock ̋̉ɗpĂ܂B
  t@ĆA 1996 N 9  24 ݂̂̂A BIND 9 ̐Ɗg
  ɂ킹ĕҏŴłBĂł̋Lq́Aۂ LAND-5 
  l[T[oɖ₢킹sʂƂ͑قȂ܂B

  7.1.  /etc/named.conf (܂ /var/named/named.conf)

  }X^[][ZNVƂāAK{̋t][Ă
  B 127.0.0 ̃lbg LAND-5 ̃Tulbgł 206.6.177 łB
  LAND-5 ̐][ł land-5.com vC}ƂĎw肳Ă
  ܂B][t@C͖{ HOWTO ̂܂ł̗ŗpĂ pz ł͂
  A zone ƂfBNgɎ߂Ă邱ƂɂӂĂB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  // Boot file for LAND-5 name server

  options {
          directory "/var/named";
  };

  controls {
          inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
  };

  key "rndc_key" {
          algorithm hmac-md5;
          secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
  };

  zone "." {
          type hint;
          file "root.hints";
  };

  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "zone/127.0.0";
  };

  zone "land-5.com" {
          type master;
          file "zone/land-5.com";
  };

  zone "177.6.206.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "zone/206.6.177";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@CȂ named.conf t@CɗpƂɂ́AK
  ``notify no;''  land-5 ̓ zone ZNVɒǉāÂN
  Ȃ悤ɂĂB

  7.2.  /var/named/root.hints

  ̃t@C͓Iɕω̂łÃXg͌ÂłBȑO
  悤ɂāAV̂g܂傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ; <<>> DiG 8.1 <<>> @A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  ; (1 server found)
  ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
  ;; got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10
  ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13
  ;; QUERY SECTION:
  ;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  .                     6D IN NS        G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

  ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
  G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.112.36.4
  J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.10
  K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    193.0.14.129
  L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.32.64.12
  M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    202.12.27.33
  A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.4
  H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.63.2.53
  B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.9.0.107
  C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.33.4.12
  D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.8.10.90
  E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.203.230.10
  I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.36.148.17
  F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.5.5.241

  ;; Total query time: 215 msec
  ;; FROM: roke.uio.no to SERVER: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.  198.41.0.4
  ;; WHEN: Sun Feb 15 01:22:51 1998
  ;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 436
  ______________________________________________________________________

  7.3.  /var/named/zone/127.0.0

  ɃVvȂ̂łB܂΂ɕKv SOA R[hA
  127.0.0.1  localhost Ƀ}bv郌R[hłB͗ƂK{
  łBtɂȏ̂̂͒uׂł͂܂B̃t@ĆAg
  Ăl[T[o hostmaster ̃[AhXύXȂAX
  VKv͂炭Ȃł傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $TTL 3D
  @               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                  199609203       ; Serial
                                  28800   ; Refresh
                                  7200    ; Retry
                                  604800  ; Expire
                                  86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      land-5.com.

  1                       PTR     localhost.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  KɃCXg[ꂽ BIND ł́Ał̗̂悤 $TTL ̍sȂ
  ܂B̍s͈ȑO͗pĂ炸A 8.2  BIND N
  ɂ̍s|̌xo܂BȂ BIND 9 ł $TTL ͕K{
  B

  7.4.  /var/named/zone/land-5.com

  ܂K{ł SOA R[hƁAK{ NS R[h܂BZ
  J_̃l[T[o ns2.psi.net ɗpӂĂ邱Ƃ킩܂
  ˁB͖]܂ݒłBKTCg̊OɃobNAbṽZJ_l
  [T[ouׂłB}X^[̃zXg land-5 ŁÃzXg͓
  ɊẽC^[lbgT[rX񋟂Ă邱Ƃ킩܂B
   (A R[hłȂ) CNAME pĂ܂B

  SOA R[h킩悤ɁÃ][t@C land-5.com 
  origin ɂĂAAS҂ root@land-5.com łB hostmaster S
  ҂̃AhXƂėǂp܂BVAԍ yyyymmdd `ŁA
  ̓̂̃VAԍǉĂ܂B͂ 1996 N 9
   20 ̑ 6 łȂ̂ł傤BVAԍ͕KȂ΂Ȃ
  ƂvoĂBɂ͓̃VAԍƂĈꌅ
  gƂł܂B 9 ύXsA̕ύXs
  ͗܂ő҂Ȃ΂Ȃ܂B񌅎gǂ܂ˁB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $TTL 3D
  @       IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                          199609206       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                          8H              ; refresh, seconds
                          2H              ; retry, seconds
                          4W              ; expire, seconds
                          1D )            ; minimum, seconds
                  NS      land-5.com.
                  NS      ns2.psi.net.
                  MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                  TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

  localhost       A       127.0.0.1

  router          A       206.6.177.1

  land-5.com.     A       206.6.177.2
  ns              A       206.6.177.3
  www             A       207.159.141.192

  ftp             CNAME   land-5.com.
  mail            CNAME   land-5.com.
  news            CNAME   land-5.com.

  funn            A       206.6.177.2

  ;
  ;       Workstations
  ;
  ws-177200       A       206.6.177.200
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177201       A       206.6.177.201
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177202       A       206.6.177.202
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177203       A       206.6.177.203
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177204       A       206.6.177.204
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177205       A       206.6.177.205
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
  ws-177250       A       206.6.177.250
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177251       A       206.6.177.251
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177252       A       206.6.177.252
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177253       A       206.6.177.253
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177254       A       206.6.177.254
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ______________________________________________________________________

  land-5 ̃l[T[oĂ݂΂킩܂A{̃zXg
  ws_number ƂȂĂ܂B BIND 4 ̌̃̕o[WAzXg
  p邱Ƃ̂ł镶悤ɂȂ܂BĂ̖O
   BIND 8 ł͑S삵܂񂩂A HOWTO Ɍfڂۂɂ '_'
  (underline)  '-' (dash) Œu܂BAɏqׂ悤
  ɁABIND 9 ł͍Ăт̐͂ȂȂ܂B

  C܂He[NXe[Vɂ͌ŕʂ̖O͕tĂ
  炸AvtBbNX IP ԍ̍Ō̓t`ɂȂĂ܂B
  ̂悤Ȗ@p΃eiX͂ƂĂyɂȂ܂Al
  ԂƂ͈̑̂ŁAڋqCC錋ʂɂȂĂ܂
  B

  funn.land-5.com  land-5.com ̃GCAXɂȂĂ܂A
  CNAME R[hł͂Ȃ A R[hpĂ܂B

  7.5.  /var/named/zone/206.6.177

  ̃t@CɂĂ͌ŃRg܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $TTL 3D
  @               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                  199609206       ; Serial
                                  28800   ; Refresh
                                  7200    ; Retry
                                  604800  ; Expire
                                  86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      land-5.com.
                          NS      ns2.psi.net.
  ;
  ;       Servers
  ;
  1       PTR     router.land-5.com.
  2       PTR     land-5.com.
  2       PTR     funn.land-5.com.
  ;
  ;       Workstations
  ;
  200     PTR     ws-177200.land-5.com.
  201     PTR     ws-177201.land-5.com.
  202     PTR     ws-177202.land-5.com.
  203     PTR     ws-177203.land-5.com.
  204     PTR     ws-177204.land-5.com.
  205     PTR     ws-177205.land-5.com.
  ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
  250     PTR     ws-177250.land-5.com.
  251     PTR     ws-177251.land-5.com.
  252     PTR     ws-177252.land-5.com.
  253     PTR     ws-177253.land-5.com.
  254     PTR     ws-177254.land-5.com.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  t̃][́Aݒ̒ł̔ߌNƌ܂B
  ̓}V IP ԍ킩ĂꍇɁAzXg擾邽߂ɗp
  ܂BႦ΁AȂĂĂ FTP T[o FTP NCAg
  ڑꂽƂ܂傤BȂ FTP T[o̓mEF[ɂ̂ŁAm
  EF[Ƒ̃XJWirA̍XȊO̐ڑ͑߂ɁA̍X
  ̐ڑ͏Ȃ߂ɐƂ܂BNCAgڑƁA C
  CuɂĐڑĂ}V IP ԍm邱Ƃł܂B
  ȂNCAg IP ԍ́Albg[N^΂Ă IP pPbg
  ̂ꂼɏ܂Ă邩łB gethostbyaddr Ƃ֐
  Ăׂ΁A IP ԍzXg̖OƂł܂B gethostbyaddr
   DNS T[oɐqˁA DNS T[o DNS 炻̃}VT܂Bڑ
  ĂNCAg ws-177200.land-5.com ƂĂ݂܂傤B C
  Cu IRC T[oɓn IP ԍ 206.6.177.200 ƂȂ܂B
  ĖO߂ɂ 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa Kv
  ܂B DNS T[o͂܂ arpa. ̃T[oɖ₢킹A in-
  addr.arpa. ̃T[oĂ炢܂B 206, 6 tɒH
  āAŌ Land-5 ̃][ł 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ][𔭌
  ܂BŌɃT[óA 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ɑ΂铚
  肵܂B ``PTR ws-177200.land-5.com'' R[hA
  206.6.177.200  ws-177200.land-5.com ł邱Ƃ킩܂B

  FTP T[o̓XJWirA̍XAȂ킿 *.no, *.se, *.dk ̐ڑ
  D悵܂A ws-177200.land-5.com ͖炩Ɉȏ̂ǂɂ}b`
  ܂񂩂AT[o͂̐ߑAoh菬Aőڑ
  NXɊ蓖Ă܂B 206.2.177.200 ɑ΂t}bv
  in-addr.arpa ][ɑ݂Ȃ΁AT[o͌ĖO邱
  ł܂񂩂A 206.2.177.200 ̂̂ *.no, *.se, *.dk Ɣr
  ܂Bǂɂ}b`킯͂ȂAT[o̓NX̊蓖ĂłȂ
  ̐ߑAۂ邱Ƃ蓾܂B

  t}bvdvȂ̂̓T[oAƂlAt}bv
  ȂđSR厖Ȃ񂾁AȂĂl邩܂B͊
  ႢłB ftp, news, IRC T[oł͋t̂łȂ}V
  ڑۂ܂ (WWW T[oɂۂ̂܂)Bł}
  V̋t}bv͎̂Ƃ͕K{Ȃ̂łB

  8.  eiX

  ێ邽߂

  named ɂ́A点ȊOɂێƂ܂B root.hints
  t@CŐV̏ԂɕۂƂłBԊȒPȂ̂ dig g
  B܂Ȃ dig 𓮂ƁA݃T[oŎgĂ root.hints
  ̓e\܂BɃXgĂ郋[gT[ôꂩɑ΂
   dig @rootserver ̂悤ɖ₢킹s܂Bo͌ʂ root.hints
  ̓eɂƂĂ悭Ă͂łB̌ʂ dig @e.root-servers.net
  . ns > root.cache.new ̂悤ɕۑāAÂ root.hints ƒu
  B

  LbVt@Cւɂ named ɍēǂݍ݂̂Y
  ȂB

  Al Longyear XNvg𑗂Ă܂BI root.hints XV
  Ă̂łBɈxN crontab ̃GgCX
  g[΁A͑S܂łBXNvgł́A[Ɠ
  삵ĂāA[GCAXƂ `hostmaster' `Ă邱Ƃ
  OƂĂ܂BȂ̐ݒɂ킹ănbNKv܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
  # This is run automatically by a cron entry.
  #
  # Original by Al Longyear
  # Updated for BIND 8 by Nicolai Langfeldt
  # Miscelanious error-conditions reported by David A. Ranch
  # Ping test suggested by Martin Foster
  # named up-test suggested by Erik Bryer.
  #
  (
   echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
   echo "From: system <root>"

   # Is named up? Check the status of named.
   case `rndc status 2>&1` in
      *refused*)
          echo "named is DOWN. root.hints was NOT updated"
          echo
          exit 0
          ;;
   esac

   PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
   export PATH
   # NOTE: /var/named must be writable only by trusted users or this script
   # will cause root compromise/denial of service opportunities.
   cd /var/named 2>/dev/null || {
      echo "Subject: Cannot cd to /var/named, error $?"
      echo
      echo "The subject says it all"
      exit 1
   }

   # Are we online?  Ping a server at your ISP
   case `ping -qnc 1 some.machine.net 2>&1` in
     *'100% packet loss'*)
          echo "Subject: root.hints NOT updated.  The network is DOWN."
          echo
          echo "The subject says it all"
          exit 1
          ;;
   esac

   dig @e.root-servers.net . ns >root.hints.new 2> errors

   case `cat root.hints.new` in
     *NOERROR*)
          # It worked
          :;;
     *)
          echo "Subject: The root.hints file update has FAILED."
          echo
          echo "The root.hints update has failed"
          echo "This is the dig output reported:"
          echo
          cat root.hints.new errors
          exit 1
          ;;
   esac

   echo "Subject: The root.hints file has been updated"
   echo
   echo "The root.hints file has been updated to contain the following
  information:"
   echo
   cat root.hints.new

   chown root.root root.hints.new
   chmod 444 root.hints.new
   rm -f root.hints.old errors
   mv root.hints root.hints.old
   mv root.hints.new root.hints
   rndc restart
   echo
   echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete."
   echo "The previous root.hints file is now called
  /var/named/root.hints.old."
  ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
  exit 0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  : ҂͂܂ BIND 8 Ȃ̂ł̃XNvgĂȂ̂łA
  rndc restart ƂR}h rndc stop; named ŒuȂƂ
  悤ȋC܂B

  root.hints  Internic  ftp łłAƌƂłɂ
  ̕邩܂Bł root.hints ̍XV ftp ͎gȂ
  悤ɂĂBL̕@̂قAƁulbg ( Internic)
  ɗDv̂łB

  9.  BIND 9 Ɉڍs

  BIND 9 ̔zzA[JCuApbP[Wꂽo[Wɂ́A
  migration Ƃ܂܂ĂA BIND 8  BIND 9 Ɉڍs
  邽߂̏񂪋LqĂ܂B͔̕ɂ킩₷Ă
  ܂BoCipbP[WCXg[ꍇ́A
  /usr/share/doc/bind*  /usr/doc/bind* ɒuĂƎv
  B

  BIND 4 gĂĺAꏊɂ migration-4to9 Ă
  B

  10.  Q & A

  Ƀ[OɁA܂̏͂ǂłB

  1.  named ł named.boot t@CKvƌ܂

     ǂł HOWTO ԈĂ܂B HOWTO ̌Âłł bind 4
     ̂ƂĂ܂̂ŁAǂłB
     <http://langfeldt.net/DNS-HOWTO/> ɂ܂B

  2. t@CAEH[̒ DNS gɂ́H

     qgB forward only;B܂

     ___________________________________________________________________
       query-source port 53;

     ___________________________________________________________________

   named.conf t@C ``options'' ̕ɕKvɂȂł傤B
  ``LbVp̃l[T[o'' ̐߂ɂłƐG܂ˁB

  3. DNS ɂāAT[rXɑ΂AhXJɂ܂킷 (round-
     robin ) ɂ͂ǂΗǂłH܂Ⴆ www.busy.site 
     ΂镉ׂ𕪎U悤ɂɂ͂ǂΗǂł傤B

     www.busy.site ɑ΂ A R[h𕡐pӂāA 4.9.3 ȍ~ BIND
     p܂傤B BIND ͉񓚂 round-robin Ă܂BÂł
     BIND ł́A͓삵܂B

  4. (N[Y) Cglbg DNS ĝłBǂΗǂ
     łH

     root.hints t@CgȂ悤ɂāA][t@Cg
     傤B root.hints t@CXVKvȂ킯łB

  5. ZJ_ (X[u) ̃l[T[oݒ肷ɂ́H

     vC} (}X^) ̃T[oAAhX 127.0.0.1 ƂāA
     ̂悤ȍsZJ_ named.conf ɋLq܂B

     ___________________________________________________________________
       zone "linux.bogus" {
             type slave;
             file "sz/linux.bogus";
             masters { 127.0.0.1; };
       };

     ___________________________________________________________________

  zone Ă}X^T[oɂꍇ́A masters Xg
   `;' (Z~R) ŋ؂Ēǉ邱Ƃł܂B

  6. net ؒfĂƂɂ BIND 𓮍삳ĂłB

     Ɋ֘AL 4 Љ܂傤B

     o  BIND 8/9 ɓ Adam L Rice dq[ŋĂ
        ܂B_CAAbṽ}V DNS Ԃɓ삳
        @łB

     ́Aŋ߂̃o[W BIND ł́A [Ғ: t@C؂
     ւ] sKvł邱ƂɋC܂B "forwarders"
     w̑"forward" w肪\ɂȂĂāA҂őO҂̎g
     ł悤ɂȂĂłBftHg̐ݒ
     "forward first" ŁA ŏɂꂼ forwarders ɖ₢킹sA
     sꍇɂ͂߂Ďgŕݒn߂܂Bꂪ
     C؂Ă鎞 gethostbyname() ɂ₽ƎԂ
     ܂AȂ݂̐U镑łB "forward only" ݒ肵
     ƁA BIND  forwarders 甽AĂȂƂ
     ߂܂B gethostbyname() ₩ɕԂĂ
     ƂɂȂ܂BłZIg /etc ̃t@C؂ւA
     T[oċNKv͂Ȃ̂łB

     ̏ꍇł́Aȉ̍s named.conf t@C options { }
     ZNVɒǉ邾łB

     forward only;
     forwarders { 193.133.58.5; };

     ƂĂ܂삵Ă܂B̕@̂̌_́A
     ꂽ DNS \tgEFAALbV삾Ȃ
     P@\ȃ\tgɂĂ܂AƂƂłB DNS LbV
     \tgΎ͎͂głǁA
     Linux ł͂̂悤ȃ\tg͂Ȃ݂łˁB

     o  ȉ̋L Ian Clard <ic@deakin.edu.au> [
        Bނ̂ĂĂ܂B

          IP }XJ[hĂ茳̃}V named 𑖂点Ă܂B
          root.hints t@Cpӂ܂B root.hints.real ŁA
          { root T[o̖OĂ܂B
          root.hints.fake ŁA̓e...

          ----
          ; root.hints.fake
          ; this file contains no information
          ----

          łBؒfƂɂ root.hints.fake t@C root.hints 
          Rs[ named ċN܂B

          ڑƂɂ root.hints.real t@C root.hints ɃRs[
           named ċN܂B

           ip-down  ip-up łꂼꎩsĂ܂B

          ItC̎ɃhCɑ΂₢킹sƁAnamed 
          ɕtĒm܂񂩂Aȉ̂悤ȃGg messages 
          o͂܂B

          Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN

          ͋CɂȂĂ܂܂B

          ̂Ƃł͂őSȂ삵Ă܂Blbgؒf
          ĂƂ́A[J}Ṽl[T[oÕhC
          ΂^CAEg̑҂ԂȂŎg܂AڑĂƂ
          ɂ͊ÕhCɑ΂₢킹𕁒ʂɍsƂłĂ܂B

     APeter Denison  Ian ̂܂[łȂƋĂ
     Bނ̃bZ[Wɂ:

          IC) LbVꂽGg (ƃ[Jlbg̃Gg) 
                        ɒ񋟂BLbVĂȂGgɂẮA
                         ISP ̃l[T[oɃtH[hB
          ItC) [Jlbg[N֘A̖⍇킹͂ɒ񋟂B
                        ̖̑⍇킹ɂĂ **** sB

          root LbVt@C̕ύXƁA⍇킹̃tH[hƂ̑gݍ킹
          ܂삵܂B

          ŁA͓ named  (n LUG ŋc_Ȃ) ȉ̂悤
          ݒ肵܂B

          named-online:   ISP ̃l[T[oփtH[h
                          localnet ][̃}X^[
                          localnet ̋t][ (1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) ̃}X^[
                          0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ̃}X^[
                          |[g 60053 őҋ@

          named-offline:  tH[hsȂ
                          root LbVt@Ćuɂ́vɂ
                          3 ̃[J][̃X[u (}X^[ 127.0.0.1:60053)
                          |[g 61053 őҋ@

          Ă|[gtH[hƑgݍ킹A|[g 53 ItC̎ɂ
          61053 ɁAIC̎ɂ 60053 ɃtH[h܂ ( 2.3.18 
          V netfilter pbP[Wg܂AȑO (ipchains) ̋@\ł
          삷͂łB

          ̓}V̊O̖⍇킹ɂ͓삵܂B BIND 8.2 ɂ
          ȃoOāAX[u}X^[Ɠ IP AhXł (|[g
          قȂĂ) ɓłȂł (J҂ɂ͒m点܂)B
          炩ȃpb`Ȃ̂ŁA炭ɒł傤B

     o  ؒfĂ鎞Ԃ̒}VɂāABIND NFS |[g}b
        pƂǂ̂悤ɑݍp̂Ɋւ܂B
        Karl-Max Wanger łB

     C^[lbgɑ΂ăfoRł܂ɂڑȂ}Vɂ́A
     ׂ͂ named 𑖂点Ă܂Bl[T[o̓LbV
     Ă̂ݓ삵A authority  zone ͕ۗLAׂĂ
     root.cache t@Cɏꂽl[T[oɖ₢킹ɍsݒ
     Ă܂B Slackware ̗Vɏ]Anamed  nfsd  mountd 
     OɋNĂ܂B

     }V̂̈ (Libretto 30 notebook) ŁA肪N܂B
     ̃[J LAN ɂȂĂ鑼̃}VÃ}V
     mount łȂȂĂ܂̂ł (܂ɂł鎞܂)B
     ͐ڑ`ɈˑA PLIP ł PCMCIA ̃C[TlbgJ[hłA
     VAoR PPP ł悤ɋN܂B

     ΂炭ƍl@sAȉ̂悤Ȍ_ɒB܂B
     nfsd  mountd N portmapper ɑ΂čso^
     (͂̃f[Aʏʂu[gɃX^[gĂ܂)
     A named ͂߂߂ɂĂ܂̂łB named ̋N
     nfsd  mountd ̂Ƃɍs悤ɂƂA̖͊S
     ܂B

     u[g̏̂悤ɕύX邱Ƃɂs͂܂܂
     AݓIȖ邽߂ɁÂ悤ɂ邱ƂׂĂ
     FɂE߂Ǝv܂B

  7. LbVl[T[o͂ǂɃLbVۑẮHLb
     ṼTCY͐ł܂H

     LbVׂ͂ăɕۊǂĂ܂BfBXNɏ܂
     Ƃ͂܂܂B named  kill ƁALbV
     ܂BLbV𐧌䂷@͂܂B named ̃LbVǗ
     ͒Pȃ[ɏ]Ă邩łBLbV̂̂A邢
     LbṼTCYAǂȗRꐧł܂B̓_uC
     v named nbNĂǂł傤B߂͂ł܂
     񂪁B

  8. named ͍ċNƂɃLbVۑĂ܂Hۑ
     悤ɂł܂H

     A named ͏IɃLbVۑ܂B܂ named 
     kill čċN邽тɁALbV̓[č\܂B
     LbVt@Cɕۑ悤 named Ɏw@͂Ȃ̂
     B̓_uCv named nbNĂǂł傤B
     ߂͂ł܂񂪁B

  9. hCɓɂ͂ǂ΂łH (Ⴆ) linux-
     rules.net ƂhC𗧂グ̂łÃhC
     ĂĂ炤ɂ͂ǂ΂̂ł傤B

     lbg[NT[rXvoC_ɘAĂ݂΁A炭Ă
     ł傤BȂÊقƂǂ̒nł́AhC̓ɂ͂
     Kvł͂łB

  10.
     DNS T[oSɂɂ͂ǂ΂ł傤H split DNS ̐ݒ
     ̂́H
     ƂxȘbɂȂ܂B
     <http://www.etherboy.com/dns/chrootdns.html> ŎグĂ
     B̘b́Aȏケł͈܂B

  11.  n DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ邽߂

  ƃc[

  肵Ƒ݂Ă܂BIĈ̂ƈ
  ̂Ƃꂼꂠ܂B DNS Ǘ҂n DNS Ǘ҂ɂ
  邽߂̃Xebv𓥂ނɂ́A̒̂ǂނƂKvłB

   The Concise Guide to DNS and BIND (by Nicolai Langfeldt, Que,
  ISBN 0-7897-2273-9) ܂B̖{͂ HOWTO ƁAƂĂĂ
  ܂AڍׂɁAĂƕLbĂ܂B̖{̓|[
  hɖ|󂳂AHelion  DNS i BIND ƂďołĂ܂B (
  <http://helion.pl/ksiazki/dnsbin.htm>, ISBN 83-7197-446-9) C. Liu  P.
  Albitz  DNS and BIND ́AlłƂȂ܂ (O'Reilly &
  Associates, ISBN 0-937175-82-X.  ob^{ƂĒmĂ܂)B܂
  Linux DNS Server Administration Ƃ{ Craig Hunt ɂď
  ASybex ołĂ܂ (ISBN 0782127363)B͂͂܂ǂ
  ܂Bǂ DNS (̑Ȃł) ̊Ǘ҂ɂȂ邽߂ɂ́A Robert M.
  Pirsig  Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance Kǂł傤B

  : Langfeldt ̖{̓{́AI[ЂwDNS & BIND x
  <http://www.ohmsha.co.jp/data/books/contents/4-274-06421-2.htm> Ƃ
  ^CgŏołĂ܂BIC[́wDNS & BINDx̓{ł́A
  ݑ3 <http://www.oreilly.co.jp/BOOK/dns3/> ołĂA4
  ߁Xɔ\Ƃ̂ƂłB

  ICł́A̖{ (₻̑̑ʂ̖{) dqIɍwǂT[rX
   <http://safari.informit.com/> ɂ܂B
  <http://www.dns.net/dnsrd> (DNS Resources Directory) 
  <http://www.isc.org/bind.html> ł낢댩܂B FAQAt@
  X}jAA_vgR` DNS ̃nbN܂ (
  AȉɎ RFC  (Sł͂Ȃɂ) قƂǂ́A BIND ̔zz
  A[JCuɊ܂܂Ă܂)B͂̂̂قƂǂ͓ǂł܂
  Bj[XO[v comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains ł DNS ̋c_
  Ă܂B܂ DNS Ɋւ RFC 񑶍݂Ă܂Błdv
  ̂ȉɋĂ܂B BCP (Best Current Practice) ̔ԍt
  Ă͕̂KǂłB

     RFC 2671
        P. Vixie, Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0) August 1999.

     RFC 2317
        BCP 20, H. Eidnes et. al. Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation,
        March 1998. This is about CIDR, or classless subnet reverse
        lookups.

     RFC 2308
        M. Andrews, Negative Caching of DNS Queries, March 1998.  About
        negative caching and the $TTL zone file directive.

     RFC 2219
        BCP 17, M. Hamilton and R. Wright, Use of DNS Aliases for
        Network Services, October 1997.  About CNAME usage.

     RFC 2182
        BCP 16, R. Elz et. al., Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS
        Servers, July 1997.

     RFC 2052
        A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location
        of services (DNS SRV), October 1996

     RFC 1918
        Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
        Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.

     RFC 1912
        D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
        02/28/1996.

     RFC 1912 Errors
        B. Barr Errors in RFC 1912.  Only available at
        <http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/rfc1912-errors.html>

     RFC 1713
        A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.

     RFC 1712
        C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding of
        Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.

     RFC 1183
        R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
        Definitions, 10/08/1990.

     RFC 1035
        P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and specification,
        11/01/1987.

     RFC 1034
        P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities,
        11/01/1987.

     RFC 1033
        M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.

     RFC 1032
        M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.

     RFC 974
        C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.

